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How does mycorrhiza protect the plant against phytoparasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita?
Novák, Václav ; Janoušková, Martina (advisor) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee)
The nematode species Meloidogyne incognita is an important plant endoparasite. The infectious developmental stage infects plant roots in the soil to form pathological morphological formations - galls. The most widely used means of protecting crops from nematode infestation are chemical agents, nematocides. However, in order to reduce the negative impact on the environment, emphasis is being placed on finding new, sustainable solutions to combat the parasites. One of these could be to exploit the benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), which include increased protection of plants against biotic stresses. This may be due, in addition to improved nutrient availability (especially phosphorus), to the induction of a systemic defence response, or to the interaction of AM fungi with other organisms in the rhizosphere. The main objective of this study was to describe the effect of AM on the resistance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to root parasite, the nematode Meloidogyne incognita. In three containerized greenhouse experiment the following was tested 1) the nutrient conditions for tomato cultivation with mycorrhiza, then 2) the effect of nematodes on growth and nutrient uptake by experimental plants, the interaction between nematodes and AM fungi in the root system, and 3) the effect of root...
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Healing of cultural varieties paniculate phlox (Phlox paniculata) from nematodes using in-vitro cultures
Nogly, David ; Matiska, Pavel (advisor) ; Augustinová, Ludmila (referee)
Phlox paniculata belongs to the family Poleminiaceae. Phlox paniculata is very important perenial which is used in commons gardens, park landscaping and also to product cut flowers. Although garden phlox are classified as resistant plants to pests and pathogens, they suffer from leaf and stem nematodes of genus Ditylenchus spp. Method eliminating these nematodes from plants for 100 % is still unknown. This thesis investigate the possibility of eliminating nematodes by using explant cultures and creating healthy plants for future mother plants of Phlox paniculata. For this experiment was chosen 10 varieties, 'Aňa Gaganova', 'Blue Paradise', 'Errötense Mädchen', 'Molodost', Igor Talkov', 'Jubilee', 'Laura', 'Mies Copijn', 'Sekret' and 'Winsdor'. These plants were also researched for regeneration of calluses and growing ratio of shoots according to their varietes.
Plants were tested for presence of nematodes Ditylenchus dipsaci by using modified Baermann Technique. All varietes of Phlox paniculata were grown in greenhouse and all of them were tested. For experiment were chosen leaf segments measuring 0,5 - 1 cm2 and the cultivation took place on MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) + 30 g sucrose, pyridoxine 0,5 mg. l-1, thiamine 0,5 mg. l-1, glycine 2 mg. l-1 , nicotinic acid 0,05 mg. l-1. Leaf segments were placed to MS medium enriched by 1,5 mg . l-1 TDZ (Thidiazuron) and 0,5 mg . l-1 IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid). Callus regeneration at the level of plant growth regulators was almost fully vertified during this experiment. Best results were obtained from follow varieties 'Aňa Gaganova', 'Blue Paradise', 'Errötense Mädchen' and 'Molodost'. These results were also obtained from repeated experiment. Positive influence of controlled conditions to growing shoots and callus regeneration was also proved. Explants which were grown in controlled conditions reached higher efficiency on average 0,33 shoots per callus.
By successful recovery of the plants from pests Ditylenchus dipsaci using explantate cultures, it was verifed the initial hypothesis, where resulting explants are transferred to ex-vitro conditions were 100 % pest free. Although, callus cultures grown on MS medium of 1,5 mg . l-1 TDZ and 0,5 mg . l-1 IAA showed some degree of nematode occurrence during testing, consequent passage eliminated the remaining population of nematodes.
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