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Construction of estimates of interregional commodity flows by using gravity model
Kieslichová, Kateřina ; Zbranek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Sixta, Jaroslav (referee)
The aim of my thesis is the construction of estimates of interregional commodity flows for the regions of the Czech Republic, by using a gravity model. Gravity model is based on Newton's law of gravitation. Gravity models can be used in two different information contexts. The first is an information context, when the spatial interaction flows are known a priori, and the model is used to explain the trade flows' behaviour. And the second is an information context in which these interactions are totally unknown a priori and the flows must be estimated. This paper is focused on the second information context. When we estimating commodity flows we need to know the value of exports and imports for individual regions. Estimated interregional commodity flows are the results of this work. Estimated interregional flows are put into the regional input-output tables compiled by the Department of Economic Statistics. Regional input-output tables are arranged so as to reached the equality of resources and use. On the basis of the resulting tables for all regions, I conducted a input-output analysis. Input-output analysis examines the impact of model changes to investment on selected commodities, to estimated interregional flows and selected macroeconomic indicators.
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Gravity Model of International Trade in Alcoholic Beverages in Selected EU Countries
Pecka, Marek ; Arltová, Markéta (advisor) ; Bubáková, Petra (referee)
Panel data analysis is the modern approach of statistical and econometric modeling. The aim of the thesis is to estimate the gravity model of international trade in alcoholic beverages in the form of bilateral trade flow depending on the gross domestic product and other associated variables that facilitate trading. The data have a panel structure. Based on the results of panel unit root tests the stationarity of variables in the panel and the expected long-term relationship between the analyzed variables are tested. Gravity model is assuming the existence of long-term relationships built through various methods, such as pooling OLS estimate, fixed and random effects models, cointegrated regression DOLS and FMOLS. Cointegration relationship is verified by Pedroni panel test.
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Překážky mezinárodního obchodu a jejich vliv na mezinárodní obchod ČR
Vašíčková, Jana
Bachelor thesis evaluates the impact of trade barriers on international trade of the Czech Republic. The work is focused on the Czech Republic as a small opening economy and its major trading partners outside the EU. Regression analysis is described dependence between select trade barriers and volume of export from the Czech Republic.
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Econometric Analysis of the Main Determinants of Austrian Foreign Trade
Davidová, Lucie ; Sedláček, Jiří (advisor) ; Chrobok, Viktor (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the main determinants of Austrian imports by estimating the import function. The analysis of the data from 1995--2011 implies great openness of the economy, strong orientation at machinery industry, Germany (40 %) and other EU-countries (other 35 %). I have employed a linear log-log model estimated by OLS. Consequently, I have obtained a triple of estimated import functions -- a general one, one for year 2011 in particular, and the last one for the top ten Austrian importers. There is a significant positive impact of partner's GDP (0.81--1.42), common language (1.1--2.3) and contiguity (0.4--2.7). On contrary, we observe an inverse relationship of imports with distance (0.9--1.1) and trade barriers (0.3--0.8). Considering similarities between Austrian and Czech economies, we can deduct similar implications for economic and trade policies.
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Gravity models and their use in the geographic research on the example of the settlement system of the Vysočina county
BLAŽEK, Jan
This thesis deals with gravitational models which are concerned with interactions between different objects. Thesis applies to these models to the settlement system of Vysočina county. This research discovers the positives and negatives of the models in terms of their application on the particular settlement system. The centres ORP of the Vysočina county are profited for this research. The first part of this thesis deals with interactions between these centres ORP, in light of the theoretical spatial relationships, the real direct bus connections and real commuting to work. In the second part the thesis focuses on the regionalization of the Vysočina county. The regionalization is defined on the theoretical calculations of the Reilly model, as a real gravitational model, a real commuting to work. The requisite data for the analyse were calculated on the basis of the formulas or were taken from the database of the Czech Statistical Office. The maps, which represent the analyzed data, make also part of this thesis.
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Italian trade policy analysis
Molnárová, Zuzana ; Taušer, Josef (advisor) ; Černá, Iveta (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to introduce the current economic situation of Italy, is macroeconomical characteristics and features. Gravitz model of international trade is introduced here and applied to analyse trade relations of Italy with its major business partners. Recommendations and ways to improve its trade balance by increasing exports are presented in the thesis.
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Vliv východního rozšíření EU na obchod vybraných nových členských států se třetími zeměmi (Trade Effects of the East Enlargement in the CEECs)
Polášek, Petr ; Němcová, Ingeborg (advisor) ; Joklová, Kateřina (referee)
The thesis analyses the effect of the Eastern enlargement on goods flows into four CEECs. In the beginning, the Eastern enlargement and numerous related economic effects are briefly characterised. After that it focuses on trade diversion and trade creation effects, starting with a concise discussion of the traditional customs union theory and followed by the explanation of the choice of the estimation method. A gravity model applied on a panel data set is then used to model the import flows into the EU15 and the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. The results showed that a careful choice of the model specification and estimating technique is needed and the model that controlled for four sources of unobserved heterogeneity (time, country pair, importer, and exporter specific characteristics) was chosen. Based on this model's results, we could expect a significant increase of imports from EFTA into these countries but aggregately we should not expect any trade diversion as no further redirecting of import flows from the rest of the world is predicted. Eventually, some of the real trade flow developments (territorial and commodity structures and revealed comparative advantages of selected regions) are described.
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Obchodní potenciál rozšířené Evropské Unie a uskupení MERCOSUR
Mrkvičková, Hana ; Lukáš, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Cupák, Patrik (referee)
Tato práce aplikuje Gravitační model k stanovení obchodní výměny mezi Evropskou Unií (EU) a Společným trhem jihu (MERCOSUR) a k předpovědi obchodního potenciálu rozšířené Evropské unie a za účelem zhodnocení možných přínosů plynoucích z rozšíření a z plánované Zóny volného obchodu mezi oběma bloky. Odhadnutý možný obchod je srovnán s aktuální obchodní výměnou Druhá část práce se soustředí na otázku ´možností exportu České republiky do tohoto regionu a zdůrazňuje hlavní vývojové kroky a vlastnosti vzájemného obchodu. Na základě analýzy SWOT se práce soustředí na 3 hlavní obchodní partnery České republiky v této oblasti a identifikuje hlavní příležitosti a problematické oblasti vzájemného obchodu. Závěrečná část práce pojednává o praktických zkušenostech vztahů České republiky a MERCOSURu. Hodnotné zkušenosti poskytli zástupci nejzasvěcenějších stran, tj. zástupci českých zastupitelských úřadů, agentury CzechTrade, finančních institucí EGAP a ČMRZ banky a tří úspěšných společností obchodujících na trzích MERCOSURu
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