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Sexual dimorphism and interpopulation variability of the skull in time-distanced populations
Šutoová, Denisa ; Bejdová, Šárka (advisor) ; Suchá, Barbora (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with sexual dimorphism and interpopulation variability of skull morphology between recent Egyptian population and a historical population, which is not geographically distanced but originates from the Old Kingdom period (Egypt, 2700-2180 BC). Estimating sex and population affinity is an important part of the process of building a biological profile of unknown human remains, and the skull is one of the best parts of the skeleton to estimate these attributes. Sex estimation is based on the existence of sexual dimorphism, which is very population specific, and sex determination is more reliable when population-specific methods are applied. Therefore, it is required to perform population affinity estimation before sex determination. A total of 143 adult specimens were included in the analysis. 47 three-dimensional exocranial meshes of skulls of individuals originating from the Old Kingdom period (31 males and 16 females) and 96 CT images of the heads from the recent Egyptian population in the age range of 18-86 years. (49 males and 47 females). The material was evaluated using the methods of geometric morphometry. In the analysis of the form, significant differences between the sexes were found. The most sexually dimorphic areas were the supraorbital arches, glabella, arcus...
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Morphology of palate in patients with hemifacial microsomia
Nádaská, Sandra ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Koťová, Magdalena (referee)
Thesis deals with studying of morphology and variability of palatal shape in patients with hemifacial microsomia. It is congenital facial disorder, manifests in hypoplasia and asymmetry of facial structures. It interfere with part of splanchnocranium,especially manifests at hypoplasia of mandible and facial asymmetry, ears or orbits can be another affects part of the face. For notice morphology of palate was use virtual dental models of superior alveolar arch and palate of patients with HFM. Mean age of patients with HFM was 27,2 years (in range 20,8 - 41,5 years), mean age of control's file was 13,2 years (in range 13,0 - 13,9 years). Every subjects, also from patient's file and from control's file are mens with Czech's nationality. Models were evaluate by methods of geometrics morphometry (DCA, PCA, analysis asymmetry) and multidimensional statistic (Hotteling test, test of homogenity). Palatal shape of patients with HFM and controls is significantly different. Palate of patients with HFM was narrower and shorter in anterior part while wider in posterior lateral part, especially at the left side relative to control's file. We found out by evaluation asymmetry that palate of patients with HFM had the biggest asymmetry at back side of palate, by contrast, the biggest symmetry was at vertical middle line of...
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The variability of facial expressions in relation to age and sex: pilot study for monitoring the treatment of facial palsy.
Danková, Simona ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Schmidová, Kamila (referee)
This thesis deals with the analysis of 3D morphological changes and variability in the shape and form of facial expression during five specifically defined facial expressions (raising eyebrows, close both eyes, lips pursing, inflating both cheeks, smile). Changes in facial expression were evaluated in relation to sexual dimorphism and age category of probands using the methods of geometric morphometrics (Dense Correspondence Analysis, Paired Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Shell-to-Shell Deviation) in program Morphome3cs and RapidForm. The analysis consisted of evaluating the surface of soft tissue changes that occur due to the contraction of facial muscles. Materials used for the analysis are 3D surface facial models of adult healthy people of the Czech nationality (63 women, 58 men) in the age interval 20-60 years. We considered methodology based on Paired Analysis to be more accurate, when we worked only with differences between the neutral expression and facial expression. By choosing a Paired Analysis, we prevented the morphological features of the face from being reflected into the results. Morphological features are a manifestation of sexual dimorphism or age factor as such, but they are not themselves the essence of facial expression. In this way, we analyzed the shape of the face after...
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3D morphometric facial analysis in Williams, Noonan and DiGeorge syndrome patients
Čaplovičová, Martina ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Neščáková, Eva (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate facial dysmorphism in Williams (WBS), Noonan (NS) and DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) patients and also to evaluate changes in the morphology of the face during growth. In total 57 3D facial scans of patients of all ages were analysed, including 12 WBS, 20 NS, 25 DGS and 31 scans of control subjects. The evaluation has been carried out using methods of geometric morphometry, namely by coherent point drift - dense correspondence analysis, superprojection of mean faces, per vertex t-test and principal component analysis. Statistically significant differences in the facial morphology were shown for all the syndromes vs. control. Observed dysmorphies in WBS (narrow forehead, bitemporal narrowing, periorbital fullness, bulbous and anteverted nasal tip, malar flattening, protrusion of both lips, pointed chin) mostly confirmed existing knowledge of the typical phenotype. The morphology in WBS is thus strongly specific and manifested in most of the patients. During ontogeny, the dysmorphic features associated with increased facial convexity become pronounced, while the other typical features remain relatively stable. In contrast to the control, the retrusion of the chin occurs during the development. Observed dysmorphic traits in NS (less prominent supraorbital ridges,...
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3D morphometric facial analysis in Williams, Noonan and DiGeorge syndrome patients
Čaplovičová, Martina ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Neščáková, Eva (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate facial dysmorphism in Williams (WBS), Noonan (NS) and DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) patients and also to evaluate changes in the morphology of the face during growth. In total 57 3D facial scans of patients of all ages were analysed, including 12 WBS, 20 NS, 25 DGS and 31 scans of control subjects. The evaluation has been carried out using methods of geometric morphometry, namely by coherent point drift - dense correspondence analysis, superprojection of mean faces, per vertex t-test and principal component analysis. Statistically significant differences in the facial morphology were shown for all the syndromes vs. control. Observed dysmorphies in WBS (narrow forehead, bitemporal narrowing, periorbital fullness, bulbous and anteverted nasal tip, malar flattening, protrusion of both lips, pointed chin) mostly confirmed existing knowledge of the typical phenotype. The morphology in WBS is thus strongly specific and manifested in most of the patients. During ontogeny, the dysmorphic features associated with increased facial convexity become pronounced, while the other typical features remain relatively stable. In contrast to the control, the retrusion of the chin occurs during the development. Observed dysmorphic traits in NS (less prominent supraorbital ridges,...
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The variability of facial expressions in relation to age and sex: pilot study for monitoring the treatment of facial palsy.
Danková, Simona ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Schmidová, Kamila (referee)
This thesis deals with the analysis of 3D morphological changes and variability in the shape and form of facial expression during five specifically defined facial expressions (raising eyebrows, close both eyes, lips pursing, inflating both cheeks, smile). Changes in facial expression were evaluated in relation to sexual dimorphism and age category of probands using the methods of geometric morphometrics (Dense Correspondence Analysis, Paired Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Shell-to-Shell Deviation) in program Morphome3cs and RapidForm. The analysis consisted of evaluating the surface of soft tissue changes that occur due to the contraction of facial muscles. Materials used for the analysis are 3D surface facial models of adult healthy people of the Czech nationality (63 women, 58 men) in the age interval 20-60 years. We considered methodology based on Paired Analysis to be more accurate, when we worked only with differences between the neutral expression and facial expression. By choosing a Paired Analysis, we prevented the morphological features of the face from being reflected into the results. Morphological features are a manifestation of sexual dimorphism or age factor as such, but they are not themselves the essence of facial expression. In this way, we analyzed the shape of the face after...
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Morphology of palate in patients with hemifacial microsomia
Nádaská, Sandra ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Koťová, Magdalena (referee)
Thesis deals with studying of morphology and variability of palatal shape in patients with hemifacial microsomia. It is congenital facial disorder, manifests in hypoplasia and asymmetry of facial structures. It interfere with part of splanchnocranium,especially manifests at hypoplasia of mandible and facial asymmetry, ears or orbits can be another affects part of the face. For notice morphology of palate was use virtual dental models of superior alveolar arch and palate of patients with HFM. Mean age of patients with HFM was 27,2 years (in range 20,8 - 41,5 years), mean age of control's file was 13,2 years (in range 13,0 - 13,9 years). Every subjects, also from patient's file and from control's file are mens with Czech's nationality. Models were evaluate by methods of geometrics morphometry (DCA, PCA, analysis asymmetry) and multidimensional statistic (Hotteling test, test of homogenity). Palatal shape of patients with HFM and controls is significantly different. Palate of patients with HFM was narrower and shorter in anterior part while wider in posterior lateral part, especially at the left side relative to control's file. We found out by evaluation asymmetry that palate of patients with HFM had the biggest asymmetry at back side of palate, by contrast, the biggest symmetry was at vertical middle line of...
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