|
|
The role of the gastrointestinal hormones in the control of energy homeostasis
Myšáková, Michaela ; Horáková, Olga (advisor) ; Ergang, Peter (referee)
Zachování tělesné homeostázy vyžaduje precizní komunikaci mezi všemi buňkami organismu. Velkou měrou k tomu přispívají gastrointestinální hormony, které jsou významnými signálními molekulami a podílejí se na distribuci i zpracování přijatých živin. Každý h typem buněk a jeho sekrece je regulována v závislosti na přítomnosti konkrétních nutrientů. Vzhledem rozdílné anatomii jednotlivých částí gastrointestinálního traktu, je lokalizace buněk produkujících šná. Účinky gastrointestinálních hormonů jsou rozmanité a hrají důležitou roli energetické kontrole organismu. Některé hormony (gastrin) působí jen lokálně, naproti tomu jiné (inkretiny, ghrelin) jsou zapojeny do signalizace přes centrální i periferní ne do signalizace nervové soustavy umožňuje těmto hormonům podílet se na regulaci pocitu hladu a mnoha onemocněními. V důsledku nevyváženého příjmu živin (například při nadměrném příjmu lipidů nebo sacharidů) dochází narušení některé ze složek hormonálního regulačního systému a následně vzniku onemocnění. Nejznámějšími onemocněními, vzniklými v důsledku nutriční a následně hormonální dysbalance, jsou například inzulínová rezi hormony je naprosto klíčová pro zachování lipidového metabolismu i glukózové homeostázy. Klíčová slova:
|
|
| |
|
|
Investigative methods of gastrointestinal tract
ZATLOUKALOVÁ, Jana
The bachelor thesis deals with investigative methods of examination of the gastrointestinal tract and their frequency in a given period carried out in the Hospital of Milosrdní bratří Brno, Znojmo Hospital and the Hospital of Uherské Hradiště a. s. It is graphically processed amount of medical services carried out during 20092014. Data were obtained from the database od radiodiagnostic department. It also to evaluates the work of radiological assistant during these medical examinations. I tried to point out that the basis of good results of individual tests is not only professionalism, both theoretical and practical knowledge of radiology assistant, but also sensitive and helpful and respectfull psychological support to the patient, which may fundamentally affect the test results.
|
|
|
Ovlivnění funkce gastrointestinálního traktu nadměrnou konzumací alkoholu
Čížková, Alice
This bachelor thesis discusses the issue of excessive alcohol consumption and its effects on the human gastrointestinal tract. Individual chapters of the first section acquaint the reader with concepts and information on alcohol and a description of the human gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, this thesis deals with the relationship between excessive alcohol consumption and its negative influence over the function of the human digestive tract, which is based on the information obtained from the clinical studies analysed at that time. The last part of the bachelor thesis contains a chapter discussing possible prevention and treatment of illnesses caused by excessive alcohol consumption. The conclusion considers the degree of harmful effects of alcohol.
|
|
|
Antioxidační látky obsažené ve víně ve vztahu k trávicímu ústrojí
Halmová, Lenka
Oncological diseases in the Czech Republic, the second leading cause of death. Tumors of the digestive tract in this balance occupy an important place. The least favorable prognosis have tumors of the pancreas, liver, stomach, esophagus and intestines. The Bachelor thesis deals with a brief description of the phenolic substances and antioxidant component in wine and also introduces the reader in the context of the relation of wine and antioxidant components of selected gastrointestinal tract authorities, on the basis of the clinical studies that were studied. In conclusion, the thesis is a recommendation, which is evaluated from the processing of individual studies.
|
|
|
Transcutaneous electrogastrography
Davidová, Lenka ; Závodná, Eva (referee) ; Nováková, Zuzana (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to introduce the physiology and pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract, with functional parameters and appropriate diagnostics. The thesis also deals with transcutaneous electrogastrography devices and presents a suggestion of a measurement protocol which would involve a group of volunteers in fasting and postprandial states. The theoretical part describes the function of the gastrointestinal tract, detailing the analysis of gastric myoelectric activity and gastric motility. It also outlines technical and formal aspects of the parameters, artefacts and subsequent data analysis. In the practical part, a program is designed and implemented in the Matlab computing environment for the analysis of EGG recordings. Furthermore, differences between parameters in fasting and postprandial states are evaluated.
|
|
|
Investigative algorithm of the gastrointestinal tract
BAUEROVÁ, Anna
Digestive diseases are increasing constantly due to the lifestyle of the people. For that reason number of the people with necessity to have some of the radiodiagnostic examinations of the digestive tract is increasing. The radiodiagnostics is one the fundamental pillars to discover not only cancers, but also other digestive diseases. Every part of the digestive tract has its specific and unique role and may be affected by a disease. A wide range of diseases may be very dangerous given the digestive function importance. So, it is necessary not to underestimate disease signs and to detect the disease at the earliest stages. The bachelor thesis Gastrointestinal tract examination algorithm resumes the methods necessary to early and proper diagnosis of the structural, functional and other diseases. The theoretic part of the bachelor thesis includes an overview of the radiodiagnostic methods used to examine particular parts of the gastrointestinal tract. The direction of the particular digestive tract part description is craniocaudal. Every digestive tract part contains examination progress description, patient preparation and a list of the most common indications. Additionally, the paper includes a chapter about the liver, bile ducts, pancreas and spleen. The bachelor thesis aims are to create algorithms to examine the gastrointestinal tract using radiodiagnostic examination methods along with information leaflets which may make a contribution to patients better knowledge before gastrointestinal tract examination. Quantitative data collection method is used in the practival part. The anonymous questioning method was used to get responded the research questions about the preliminary information of patients before the gastrointestinal tract examination and preference regarding the oral or written form of communication. The questionnare contains 13 closed questions regarding the patient information on the received examinations. The questionnares were answered by the patients receiving a gastrointestinal tract examination at the radiodiagnostic department of the Hospital of České Budějovice a. s. and at another anonymous hospital. In total 66 respondents got the questionnares of which 64 has been returned. Gathered data were evaluated, then sorted and processed into graphical output including descriptions. The results confirmed legitimacy of the initial research question and the fact that patients feel to be enough informed. Nevertheless, there is obvious the information should be continually improved in quality. The results indicate that patients like live interviewing with health care personnel as well as having the written information - leaflets, brochures. This finding also answered the second research question of the thesis. The bachelor thesis output presents a coherent review including the description of radiodiagnostic methods to examine gastrointestinal tract. The results are prepared for the real use in form of leaflets. This means fluoroscopy of pharynge, esophagus, stomach and duodenum, digestive tract, enteroclysis, CT enteroclysis, CT enterography, MRI enterography, irigography, defecography, virtual CT colonoscopy, ultrasonography, ERCP and PTC. The leaflets are aimed to prepare patient for various upcoming examinations completed with adequate psychosocial information. Also the information associated with pain or accompanying person, hospital stay, etc. were included. The leaflets are created to be easy to understand. The leaflets are to avoid specific technical terms as much as possible.
|
|
|
The role of radiology assistant by fluoroscopic examination of gastrointestinal tract
REMTOVÁ, Barbora
I focus on working methods of radiologist assistants in various types of examinations of gastrointestinal tract in my thesis. The number of gastrointestinal tract has increased. In latest ten years the number of colorectal carcinomas has been rising, with women in particular, and carcinomas of liver with men. The Czech Republic dominates Europe considering the occurrence of colorectal carcinomas. Therefore these types of examinations have been indicated more and more often. When the carcinoma is found out in an early stage there is a chance of recovery almost for 95% patients. Radiodiagnostic methods are a contribution not only in finding carcinomas, but also in other diseases of GIT. The number of sciascopic method examinations decreases, but still they have their important place in radiodiagnostics. The goal of my work is to show radiodiagnostic methods, such as X-ray, computed tomography, sonography and magnetic resonance. Next I describe in details methods in sciascopic examination and computer tomography. Each of these examinations was described in a single chapter. I describe the task of radiologist assistant at these examinations when his/her presence is necessary. Radiologist assistant is a medical worker working on the departments of radiology, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine. During recent years a system of radiologist education has principally changed. It is newly founded on university education. His/her competencies are: to perform the tests of operating stability, to ensure so that the medical radiation were in accordance with principles of radiation protection; to provide nursing care at radiological procedures; to perform sciagraphic procedures and preoperative sciascopy; to perform radiologic imaging procedures at medical radiation; to assist at intervention radiology; to perform therapeutic radiation procedures. Besides other things a radiologist assistant is required to know the anatomy of a human body on well. That is the reason I present a detailed anatomy of gastrointestinal tract in my work. I also present diseases of single parts of GIT, where radiodiagnostic methods are especially used. The goal of the second part is to give a detailed idea of radiologist assistant work on a radiodiagnostic ward CT and sciascopic ward. I used professional literature and questionnaire method for this purpose. The questionnaires were distributed to radiologist assistants working in researched departments. These questionnares were used for answering the research question whether the task of radiologist assistant is less demanding and shorter in time with CT examinations of GIT than with sciascopic examinations. In the chapter Results I described sciascopic methods and CT examinations of GIT. I also described the work of a radiologist assistant and evaluated answers of questioned radiologist assistants. I compared these results with the available professional literature of older and recent issues in the chapter Discussion. The results confirm the asked researched question that the assistance at CT examination is less demanding and shorter in time than at sciascopic methods and comparing to older issues of professional literature we cannot find any significant progress in sciascopic methods. The professional literature from the end of the 20th century describes sciascopic methods and work of radiologist assistants the same way as today is. CT methods were in a developing phase and were improved. The professional literature does not present exact procedures for examinations, therefore the described work of a radiologist assistant at a CT examination is inspired by personal experience from the practice in this branch.
|
|
|
Difficulties of Gastrointestinal tract during pregnancy
BLAHOTOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor thesis deals with gastrointestinal difficulties during pregnancy. To the most common illnesses belong heartburn, excessive salivation, nausea, vomiting, flatulence and constipation. The GIT difficulties in pregnancy cause the changes in a pregnant organism. The increasing level of progesterone, oestrogen, HCG and last but not least the growing uterus. In the body of a pregnant woman comes to relaxation of smooth muscle, decreasing of intestine peristalsis and stomach motility, water retention, proliferation of salivary glands, changes in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. The growing uterus causes the high level of diaphragm, the change of stomach position and intestine, the increase of interior stomach pressure and pressure at venous system. Combination of the above mentioned factors can often lead to the previously mentioned difficulties. Nowadays there exist many ways, how to avoid or at least moderate the GIT difficulties during pregnancy. Education in the field of healthy lifestyle together with healthy diet and appropriate motion activities can relieve pregnant women from GIT difficulties. It is suitable to choose easily digestible, spicy less food, which is either cooked in water or steamed, if not eaten in raw state. In the diet of a pregnant woman there should be at least 5 pieces of fruit or vegetables every day. The right water intake should be about 2 -3 litres of still unsweetened water. If the pregnant woman suffers from some of the GIT difficulties, the food schedule should be modified according to her symptoms. The regular motion activity also helps preventing or moderating GIT difficulties in pregnancy. If there are long lasting GIT problems, that we are unable to eliminate, we can use a variety of medicaments either on prescription or free available on the market. Because of a relatively high occurrence of GIT difficulties in pregnancy, the midwife should educate the pregnant woman in the most suitable way. The bachelor thesis targets on the most frequent GIT difficulties of pregnant women. For the second target it was important to map, how the women solve the GIT difficulties and who helps them dealing with these above mentioned problems efficiently. Moreover this thesis deals with the amount of midwives' interventions offered to pregnant women. The bachelor thesis reveals the insufficiency and lack of information of pregnant women, the possibility of prevention in connection with GIT difficulties and its possible solution or at least moderation. On the other side the thesis shows a good theoretical readiness of midwives in the field of GIT difficulties.
|
|
| |
guest ::
