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Diagnostics of Helicobacter pylori using histological and immunohistochemical examination
BURDOVÁ, Anna
The main topic of this bachelor thesis is the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, its occurrence in the gastric mucosa, and the metod of its diagnosis in the laboratory using histological and immunohistochemical examination. In the theoretical part, I describe the bacterium itself, its morphology and mainly its diagnostics. There are many ways to detect the presence of this bacterium, most commonly divided into invasive tests, which include histological examination, cultivation and urease test, and non-invasive, where we can use serological and breathing tests. I also describe the anatomy and histological structure of the stomach in this part. Then I follow up on stomach pathology, where I focused on the most common diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori, acute and chronic gastritis and stomach tumors. The over-all histological examination is also included, its parts being receiving the sample to the department through fixation with examples of various fixation agents, to embedding, cutting and staining, where I also describe the types of staining that are used in the practical part. I also deal with the topic of immunohistochemistry. One of the goals of the practical part is to master the basic routine Hematoxylin eosin staining, special Giemsa staining and immunohistochemical examination of the antigen using the Anti-Helicobacter pylori polyclonal antibody. Another goal is to map the occurrence of Helicobacter pylori infection based on age groups, sex of examined patients and season. I set two research questions that I would like to answer. Results obtained in the year 2022 will be statistically processed and supplemented with photomicrographs of selected samples.
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Helicobacter pylori a and current knowledge in treatment
Hemmerová, Amálie ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Janďourek, Ondřej (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Technician Bachelor's thesis Author: Amálie Hemmerová Supervisor: Mgr. Marcela Vejsová, Ph.D. Title: Helicobacter pylori and current knowledge in treatment This work is based on the pathogenic Helicobacter pylori which plays an important role in many gastroduodenum diseases. The aim of this work is summarizing the information of the Helicobacter pylori and presenting some actual knowledge of its treatment. Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative microaerophilic spiral bacillus that lives under the layer of mucosae, area of neutral pH, and it causes an inflammatory changes on gastric epithelium. Half of the population worldwide is infected. It is important to find a suitable therapy for succesful treatment. Until recently the first-line treatment was the standard triple combination clarithromycin/metronidazole, amoxicilline and PPI. However the effectiveness of this combination has been reduced in the most countries to a level lower than recommended eradication rate (< 80 %). The cause of the failure was resistence to clarithromycin/metronidazole. Bismuth quadruple therapies are effective in the most countries. They are used as the first-line treatment and also as rescue therapy...
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Ways to test for Helicobacter and calprotectin
LAVIČKOVÁ, Lucie
H. pylori is a gram-negative rod bacteria of a spiral shape. It is obligatory microaerofile. It has strong urease activity. It colonize the stomach mucosa and it is proved, that almost the half of human population is colonized. H. pylori concluding other factors can cause gastritis which can become chronic. Other diseases can be influenced by chronic gastritis - for example: gastroduodenal ulcer disease and stomach adenocarcinoma. H. pylori is concerned to be carcinogen of the first class. Calprotectin is a cytosol protein. It gradually releases from activated or lytic leucocytes. It is made of monocytes and neutrophiles. Calprotectin concentration in in faecal specimen correlates with the amount of leucocytes in intestine's lumen. This finding allows doctors to estimate the amount of intestine mucosas' infiltration by leucocytes according to evaluation of calprotectin levels. Calprotectin is highly sensitive to the presence of intestine inflammation, so it is a proper indicator of unspecific intestine inflammation diagnostics. The main aim of my bachelor thesis is to become familiar with identification methods of H. pylori and calprotectin in labs. Moreover, I aimed to become familiar with proper results interpretation of used methods. I estimated a hypothesis and an experimental question. In the theoretical part I focused on contemporary knowledge about H. pylori a calprotectin. I described common diagnostic methods, illnesses they cause and their treatment. The experimental part took place at Microbiology department of Stafila spol. sro laboratories. I examined the presence of H. pylori in faecal specimen by DIMA method. I determined the calprotectin levels by BUHLMANN method. I personally worked with 25 samples. I did my work in guidance of MUDr. Cihlová and her colleagues. I statistically examine my results. I made statistics of H. pylori frequency and determined the hypothesis. I also made statistic of negative, positive and strongly positive numerosity levels of calprotectin in faecal specimen and found the answer to my question.
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