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Kompostování jako způsob zpracování potravinových odpadů
Tóthová, Katarína
This master thesis focuses on waste and waste management, with an emphasis on biodegradable waste, specifically food waste. The thesis discusses the legislative regulations in the Czech Republic and the European Union. Among other things, composting is considered as a possible solution to the waste generated. The practical part of the thesis evaluates the final product of composters to which additives have been added to reduce odour. The additives were added to the waste collection bins. The added additives include citric acid, tea tree oil and lime. In addition, compost without additives was also evaluated as a control sample. The composting lasted for 12 weeks. The pH and electrical conductivity were evaluated throughout the composting process and then the final product, i.e. the mature compost, was evaluated using phytotoxicity tests. The results showed that although the compost met the required pH and electrical conductivity values, it was found to be highly toxic. Even at a compost concentration of 10%, inhibition of plant root growth was shown, making the compost inapplicable to soil. Furthermore, even compost without additives was found to be toxic, with the cause of toxicity apparently being the waste used and not the additives. In view of these results, further investigation of additives is still needed. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of composting as a way of treating food waste and shows the importance of systematic monitoring of the quality of the final product.
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Kompostování bioplastů
Kořínková, Aneta
The final work deals with research on the behaviour of various bioplastic materials placed in composting base under laboratory conditions and subsequent assessment of the phytotoxic effects of individual composts. Composting was carried out on the basis of modified standard ČSN EN 14045 and knowledge from standard ČSN EN 14046. The determination of chronic phytotoxic effects followed the modified standard ČSN EN 13432 and acute phytotoxicity was assessed using the Phytotoxkit test. Following completion of the composting process, decomposition was observed for the certified vegetable starch-based sample, two other samples without certification, but marked as 100% degradable, showed no evidence of decomposition. Various indicator organism growth inhibition values were observed, with chronic toxicity testing in the range of 3.4-20.9%, and phytotoxkit testing two of the samples showed a stimulating effect. Different bioplastic materials have achieved different results and represent a different level of potential environmental burden.
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Toxicity of overburden and what determine it
Haurová, Jaroslava ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Bartuška, Martin (referee)
The bachelor thesis provides an overview and summary of the possible causes of phytotoxicity on mineral extraction sites, mentions the impact on plant biota, the impact on surrounding ecosystems and explores the possibilities of reducing or mitigating the effects. The main cause of phytotoxicity is low pH, which arises from the natural weathering of native materials and results in most soil processes and contamination. A way in which phytotoxicity can be mitigated on spoil heaps sites are by choosing appropriate reclamation.
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The effect of toxicity and othet parameters of substrate on plant growth in post mining sites.
Zadinová, Radka ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Kočí, Vladimír (referee)
Surface mining of coal in the country leaves a lot of damage. This type of mining is characterized by the creation of large external dumps. The dumps often contain substrates with toxic substances or substances which become toxic after reaction with air. These substrates are toxic to plants and edaphon. This work is intended to show what properties of substrates are important for phytotoxicity. The location of research was selected including 3 different kinds of substrates, terrain unevenness and a lagoon in the middle. Coordinate grid has been created on the selected location. At each point a test was conducted with plant Sinapis alba and biomass was extracted from a naturally growing vegetation. Further, at the points substrates were collected and values of pH, conductivity and arsenic were measured. Test with plant Sinapis alba was repeated in the laboratory conditions as well. On site GPS coordinates were measured for the mathematical model created in ArcGIS. Experiment has shown the importance of the type of substrate and the geologic description, and then the association between dejection, value of pH and conductivity. Conductivity and pH levels also correlate with the germination Sinapis alba and biomass of naturally growing vegetation.
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The effect of artificial weathering on overburden properties
Zadinová, Radka ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Bartuška, Martin (referee)
Surface mining of coal cause massive changes of landscape. Dumps, heaps and tailings created vast areas in post mining landscape. Soil formation is influenced by the weathering process. Sample-the most common substrates have been subject of accelerated weathering. Samples were watered by distilled water, left to soak in, then froze, thaw and dried. This cycle was repeated twenty times. Before the experiment and after experiment pH, conductivity, organic matter loss on ignition, grain size and water absorption were measured. Before and after the experiment were tested for toxicity to plants using yellow mustard seeds (Sinapis alba). Accelerated weathering showed the possible development of weathering spoil substrates over time namely shift of pH towards neutral value, and increase in water holding capacity, despite of this no changes in plant toxicity in toxic substrates were found.
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Arsenic toxicity and hyperaccumulation in plants and their potentail use in phytoremediation
Gímeš, Lukáš ; Mašková, Petra (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
Arsenic is classified as a heavy metalloid. Small amounts of arsenic can be found in the environment naturally, but human activity constantly increases the amount of arsenic in the soil. Increasing arsenic contamination of the soil causes serious health problems for both animals and humans. Due to its toxicity, it can also cause considerable problems for plants. Arsenic negatively affects a number of processes in the body of plants, such as oxidative stress or the metabolism of important macromolecules. Photosynthesis is a physiological process that is the most affected by arsenic toxicity. Closely related to photosynthesis are the growth properties of plants. Negative effects that arsenic has on many biochemical, physiological and morphological processes in the plant body, we must understand the uptake, translocation and detoxification of arsenic in the plant body. Arsenic hyperaccumulators are plants that can accumulate orders of magnitude higher concentrations of As and better manage the phytotoxicity of this contaminant than non-hyperaccumulating plants. Hyperaccumulation of heavy metals is associated with changes in the physiological properties of plants. A common characteristic of hyperaccumulators is that they can accumulate the higher concentrations of metals they in the aboveground parts...
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Kompostování biologicky rozložitelných odpadů ve městě Přerov
Čoček, Martin
The topic of this thesis is Composting of biodegradable waste in Prerov town. The literary part describes biodegradable waste, legislative regulations, statistic data, biodegradable waste management methods and composting process. The practical part describes biodegradable waste management methods in Prerov town. There is described and evaluated a process in composting plant in Prerov Zeravice. After that there is a questioner research how to be potentially use the compost from the composting plant Prerov Zeravice. The questioner research was focused on agriculture organizations which are closed to Prerov town. The closing part of this thesis describes fytotoxicity test results of compost collected samples. In the fytotoxicity test a plant Sinapis alba L. was used.
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Zhodnocení kvality vody a sedimentu ve vodní nádrži Opatovice
Kourová, Michaela
This thesis deals with measuring of water quality and phytotoxicity of sediments in the Opatovice reservoir which is situated in Vyškov, in the South Moravian Region. The first part of thesis is literary research and it is focused on related legislation, types of water, protect of water, reservoirs of water, sediments, water quality and ekotoxikology. The second part is focused on Opatovice reservoir. There is a destription of nature conditions of reservoir and its technical specifications. Last part is evaluation of selected indicators of water quality and evaluation of phytotoxicity of a sediment sample. The results of thesis shows that Opatovice reservoir has not problems with water quality and its sediment is not phytotoxic.
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Hodnocení fytotoxicity kompostu z komunitní kompostárny ve Svitavách
Pospíšilová, Šárka
The main aim of this thesis is Evaluation of compost phytotoxicity produced in composting plant of Svitavy. Biodegradable waste as a whole is also mentioned. This work is divided into several parts. Theoretical part aims to describe basic terms regarding biodegradable waste, legislation and statistical data. Moreover you can find way of handling biodegradable waste there but main focus is on the process of composting. Practical part describes composting plant facility in the city of Svitavy and all of the laboratory procedures used to evaluate compost phytotoxicity of studied samples. Three main methods of evaluating compost phytotoxicity were used phytotoxicity test using set Phytotoxkit, flower pot test and test phytotoxicity by Plíva. All of those methods utilized seeds of the Sinapis alba L and Cannabis sativa L. Last part of this thesis contains test results and their evaluation.
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Hodnocení jakosti vody a sedimentu na Vepřovském novém rybníku v povodí Losenického potoka
Turek, Pavel
The thesis is focused on measuring of water quality and phytotoxicity of sediments. In first part is described legislation related with water and ponds and also is determined the terms associated with this topic. Furthermore is characterized location and described places of taking samples. Samples were taken in quarterly periods and then evaluated in laboratory of Mendel university Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology. In following part are specified procedures of evaluation taken samples and evaluation results monitored parameters (amount of dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, conducti-vity, chemical oxygen demand, quantity of nitrates, nitrogen and phosphor). Phytotoxicity was evaluated by test phytotoxicity through the Phytotoxkit.
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