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Low temperature tests and fracture toughness of selected ceramic materials
Beck, Branislav ; Drdlík, Daniel (referee) ; Chlup, Zdeněk (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with the determination of fracture toughness values of sintered silicon carbide and casted basalt using both the Single Edge V-Notch Beam (SEVNB) and the Chevron Notched Beam (CNB) methods at room and cryogenic temperatures. The first part of this thesis offers general overview and categorization of ceramic materials. Fracture mechanics of the ceramic materials and available fracture toughness testing methods are discussed in following chapters. The last section in the theoretical part is aimed to the microstructure and properties of the silicon carbide. Experimental part of the work summarizes methods used for characterization of selected materials from the microstructural and fracture point of view. Preparation of samples for microstructural observation and samples for fracture toughness determination are described in details. The results of the fracture toughness data for sintered silicon carbide and cast-basalt obtained at room temperature and at -100 °C are displayed. Consideration of possible measurements errors and application of various fracture toughness testing methods are discussed in the next chapter of this work. The difference in the fracture toughness values with the decrease of testing temperature was found. The difference depends on both, the used method of fracture toughness determination and the material used for the tests. The most important results gained during the experimental work are summarized in the chapter “Conclusions”.
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Influence of Plasma-nitriding on Fatigue Life of High-strength Steels under Biaxial Loading
Major, Štěpán ; Kohout, Jan (referee) ; Růžička,, Milan (referee) ; Obrtlík, Karel (referee) ; Pokluda, Jaroslav (advisor)
This work deals with fatigue life and fractographycal analysis of plasma-nitrided and virgin specimen made of the low-alloy high-strength steel. Specimens were subjected to in-phase combined bending-torsion loading. The work is focused on three groups of problems. The first group of problems was associated with the fatigue life and its prediction. The objective was to examine a relationship between the presence of the nitrided layer and fatigue life. The application of surface layers has significantly improved the fatigue life in the high-cycle region. An extended comparison between classical and advanced multiaxial criteria was performed. Criterions proposed by Marin and Matake were found to be most precise. The second objective of this work was to examine a relationship between the loading ratio ( is the bending amplitude and is the torsion amplitude ) and the fracture surface topography in the highcycle fatigue. Properties of fracture surfaces were quantified by many roughness and fractal parameters. Many roughness parameters start to incrise rapidly above a critical value of the loading ratio zc = 0,5. The last part of this work deals with the fractographical analysis of fish-eye cracks that were formed in plasma-nitrided steel specimens under symetrical bending, symetrical torsion and biaxial in-phase bending-torsion combinations.
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Low Cycle Fatigue of Magnesium Alloy AZ91
Julišová, Martina ; Podrábský, Tomáš (referee) ; Juliš, Martin (advisor)
The objective of the present study is to investigate the fatigue characteristics of cast magnesium alloy AZ91 after low–cycle fatigue tests at the indoor temperature. Squeeze casting specimens in both non–thermal treatment cast state and in solution annealing state were used as the experimental materials. Cyclic hardening/softening and fatigue life curves were obtained from the tests varying according to the way of thermal treatment. This bachelor thesis includes also fracture tests of specimens. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for the investigation.
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Multi-element Systems of Biomaterials Based on Magnesium and Zinc
Hasoňová, Michaela ; Nový, František (referee) ; Vojtěch, Dalibor (referee) ; Doležal, Pavel (advisor)
Dissertation thesis deals with basic research in the field of materials from pure Zn powders and Mg, Zn, and Ca binary mixtures prepared by powder metallurgy. General powder metallurgy principles and methods, a brief description of Mg, Zn, and Ca structure and properties, and the latest research in the field of bulk materials preparation from these elements via powder metallurgy are summarized in the theoretical part of the thesis. The experimental part focuses on the preparation of materials from finer and coarser Zn powder particles by hot pressing at 300 and 400 °C using the pressure of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 MPa. Binary mixtures based on Mg with the addition of Zn or Ca were prepared by hot pressing in the solid-state (300 °C) and hot pressing in the semi-solid state (400 °C, 450 °C in the case of Mg-Ca system) using the pressure of 500 MPa. Binary mixtures based on Zn with the addition of Mg or Ca were prepared by hot pressing in the semi-solid state (400 °C) using the pressure of 500 MPa. The prepared materials were evaluated in terms of microstructure, elemental and phase composition, microhardness, flexural strength, and fractography. The results showed that in the case of processed from pure Zn powders, a better combination of the flexural strength and displacement was achieved in the case of the finer Zn powder, namely in the material prepared at a temperature of 400 °C and a pressure of 500 MPa. In the case of mixtures, the best connection between the powder particles was achieved in the case of a material based on finer Zn powder with 0.5 wt.% of Mg, which had a significant effect on the achieved values of flexural strength and displacement. The amount of minor powder in the mixture had a significant effect on the prepared material structure and phase composition, while the processing conditions influenced the reached strength characteristics and fracture mechanism.
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Cyclic plasticity and low-cycle fatigue resistance of materials prepared by the ColdSpray method
Brůža, Jaromír ; Šulák, Ivo (referee) ; Zapletal, Josef (advisor)
In the theoretical part, the diploma thesis focuses on Cold spray technology and parameters affecting the efficiency and quality of deposition. Next, there is an introduction to the fatigue process of materials. The theory is concluded with a summary of the current knowledge regarding materials created by Cold spray technology in the field of fatigue. In the practical part, volumetric bodies were created from the material EN AW7075. Specimens for tensile and fatigue tests were cut from the bodies by electrosparking. From the material and powder, metallographic cuttings were created for the determination of porosity using Archimedes’ principle, hardness according to Vickers and evaluation of EDS and EBSD analysis. The basic mechanical properties were determined from the tensile tests and the Wöhler-Basquin parameters were determined from the fatigue tests along with the life curve. Subsequently, a fractographic analysis of fracture surfaces using SEM took place.
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Multi-element Systems of Biomaterials Based on Magnesium and Zinc
Hasoňová, Michaela ; Nový, František (referee) ; Vojtěch, Dalibor (referee) ; Doležal, Pavel (advisor)
Dissertation thesis deals with basic research in the field of materials from pure Zn powders and Mg, Zn, and Ca binary mixtures prepared by powder metallurgy. General powder metallurgy principles and methods, a brief description of Mg, Zn, and Ca structure and properties, and the latest research in the field of bulk materials preparation from these elements via powder metallurgy are summarized in the theoretical part of the thesis. The experimental part focuses on the preparation of materials from finer and coarser Zn powder particles by hot pressing at 300 and 400 °C using the pressure of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 MPa. Binary mixtures based on Mg with the addition of Zn or Ca were prepared by hot pressing in the solid-state (300 °C) and hot pressing in the semi-solid state (400 °C, 450 °C in the case of Mg-Ca system) using the pressure of 500 MPa. Binary mixtures based on Zn with the addition of Mg or Ca were prepared by hot pressing in the semi-solid state (400 °C) using the pressure of 500 MPa. The prepared materials were evaluated in terms of microstructure, elemental and phase composition, microhardness, flexural strength, and fractography. The results showed that in the case of processed from pure Zn powders, a better combination of the flexural strength and displacement was achieved in the case of the finer Zn powder, namely in the material prepared at a temperature of 400 °C and a pressure of 500 MPa. In the case of mixtures, the best connection between the powder particles was achieved in the case of a material based on finer Zn powder with 0.5 wt.% of Mg, which had a significant effect on the achieved values of flexural strength and displacement. The amount of minor powder in the mixture had a significant effect on the prepared material structure and phase composition, while the processing conditions influenced the reached strength characteristics and fracture mechanism.
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Interaction of Creep and High Cycle Fatigue of IN 713LC Superalloy
Horník, V. ; Šmíd, Miroslav ; Hutař, Pavel ; Kunz, Ludvík ; Hrbáček, K.
The study deals with the interaction of creep and high cycle fatigue of cast polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy IN 713LC at high temperatures. Previous works indicated that creep lifetime of superalloy structures was un-affected or even slightly increased in the cases with superimposed vibrations. The reason for this behaviour was not well described up to now. Therefore, set of fatigue tests was conducted at high mean stresses level to observe this phenomenon. The mean stress was kept constant while the stress amplitudes were selected in order to measure wide range of conditions from pure creep to pure fatigue. Fractographic analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done with the aim to identify governing damage mechanisms for particular test conditions as a preliminary evaluation of conducted tests.
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