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IMPACT OF DRAINAGE CHANNELS ON RUNOFF REGIME IN FOREST CATCHMENT
Kalkus, Jan ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Jeníček, Michal (referee)
The main task of this diploma thesis is to evaluate function of system of open drainage channels and its impact on runoff from Tetřívčí brook forest catchment in Šumava mountains region, upper basin of the Blanice River. Catchment area is only 1,62 km2 and total length of all channels is over 12 km, so it's very important feature of this catchment. The first task was to explore to explore all the channels and set them to the map. Most of used data were measured manually, only precipitation and water level in main stream were measured by automatic gauges. It's not possible to compare results with state without channels, what is the main obstacle for data analysis. Measured channels normally contribute to total catchment runoff by 6 % to 39 %. About 20 % of channel length participate in runoff process in dry periods, in wet periods it can be even 90 % of channel length, what indicates functionality of drainage system. Actual soil saturation in the catchment is very important factor, it's expressed either by index API 5 (based on precipitation) or by groundwater level in 5 measured in separate drills. It's proved by channels responses in well-saturated periods. Runoff in measured channels raises up significantly after even very small precipitations of 1,7 mm. All results are suggesting, that total...
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IMPACT OF DRAINAGE CHANNELS ON RUNOFF REGIME IN FOREST CATCHMENT
Kalkus, Jan ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Jeníček, Michal (referee)
The main task of this diploma thesis is to evaluate function of system of open drainage channels and its impact on runoff from Tetřívčí brook forest catchment in Šumava mountains region, upper basin of the Blanice River. Catchment area is only 1,62 km2 and total length of all channels is over 12 km, so it's very important feature of this catchment. The first task was to explore to explore all the channels and set them to the map. Most of used data were measured manually, only precipitation and water level in main stream were measured by automatic gauges. It's not possible to compare results with state without channels, what is the main obstacle for data analysis. Measured channels normally contribute to total catchment runoff by 6 % to 39 %. About 20 % of channel length participate in runoff process in dry periods, in wet periods it can be even 90 % of channel length, what indicates functionality of drainage system. Actual soil saturation in the catchment is very important factor, it's expressed either by index API 5 (based on precipitation) or by groundwater level in 5 measured in separate drills. It's proved by channels responses in well-saturated periods. Runoff in measured channels raises up significantly after even very small precipitations of 1,7 mm. All results are suggesting, that total...
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Projections of future water-energy-vegetation regimes at the Lysina catchment, Czech Republic
Lamačová, Anna ; Yu, X. ; Duffy, Ch. ; Krám, Pavel ; Hruška, Jakub ; Farda, Aleš
Hydrologic models represent useful tools for the understanding of forest hydrological functions. At the Lysina Critical Zone Observatory (50°03’ N, 12°40’ E; area 0.293 km2), a forest catchment in the western Czech Republic, a distributed physics-based hydrologic model, the Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model (PIHM), was used to simulate long-term hydrological change under forest management practices, and to evaluate the comparative scenarios of the hydrological consequences under anticipated climate change. Stand age-adjusted LAI (leaf area index) curves were generated from an empirical relationship to represent changes in seasonal tree growth. By considering the age-adjusted LAI, the spatially distributed model was able to successfully simulate the integrated hydrologic response from snow melt, recharge, evapotranspiration, groundwater levels, soil moisture and streamfl ow, as well as spatial patterns of each hydrologic state and fl ux variables. Corrected climatic data from the ALADIN-Climate/CZ regional climate model with SRES A1B scenario and diff erent forest age categories (Norway spruce monoculture) were used for projection of hydrologic pattern shift at the study site in the future (2025–2050, 2071–2100). Th e model projections suggested that that the decrease in mean annual runoff would be from 422 mm (observed in 1990–2011) to 361 mm (2021–2100) and 345 mm (2071–2100) with notable changes in seasonal patterns represented by a runoff decrease in the spring and summer months.
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Relationship between chemistry of surface water and geological environment in the forest catchment LIZ in the Šumava Mts
Škoda, S. ; Váchal, J. ; Dumbrovský, M. ; Tesař, Miroslav ; Váchalová, R.
More then 20 years the chemistry of surface water has been observed within GEOMON project in the Zdíkov region in the Šumava Mts. The knowledge of composition and chemistry of geological environment is very important for assessment of input and output of matter to/from this catchment. The geological underground has been make up of migmatitize biotitic and sillimanit-biotitic paragneises of Šumava Moldanubicum. Soils, represented by oligotrophic and oligomezotrophic cambisoils, are very acid, sorption unsaturated. Their silicate buffering system significantly contributes to decrease leaching of calcium, manganese, chlorine and total aluminum, and so to reduction of intensity weathering of rocks.
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