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Meaning and resource of selenium in human nutrition
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Zuzana
Bachelor's thesis concentrates on functions of selenium in human nutrition. Selenium is an essential trace element of importance to human health. Its availability depends on the concentration of selenium in the soil. The average income of selenium in the Czech population are usually 36 g/day per individuals. Excess or insufficient selenium intakes can result in adverse effects on human health. The most important sources of selenium in the diets of most people are meat, fish, eggs, milk, cereals and nuts. Selenium plays an important role in a number of metabolic functions including antioxidant systems, thyroid hormone metabolism, immune function and reproduction. Low selenium status are associated with increased risk of mortality, poor immune function, and cognitive decline, while high selenium status cause garlic breath, hair and nail loss, disorders of the nervous system and skink and poor dental health. Amount of selenium and its need changes during life. Recommended doses of selenium for women are 55 g/day and for men 70 g/day. Pregnant and lactating women require an average of 65-75 g selenium/day. Selenium deficiency in women causes problems with pregnancy, fetal malformations or postnatal complications. Newborn baby receives in breast milk about 10 g selenium/day. The recommended doses for children are in the range of 20-30 g selenium/day. The lack of selenium in seniors causes loss of muscle mass and strenght. Conversely sufficient doses of selenium can prevent the development of osteoporosis and various health complications. During sport aktivity, in the body there arise a large amount of free radicals and that is why it is necessary to suply the body of a sufficient amount of selenim, which helps prevent with its antioxidant effect oxidative damage of the muscles. The population exposed to low levels of selenium, the lack can be increased by use of dietary supplements with selenium.
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Consumer Protection in the Area of Food
Osvaldová, Denisa ; Neděla, Radek (advisor) ; Pastorčák, Jan (referee)
The purpose of this bachelor's thesis is to analyse the legal regulations relating to protection of consumers in the area of food and compliance with these standards. The aim of this thesis is to discover whether the legislation in that area is really being complied and at what level the consumer protection in the area of food is in the Czech Republic. The text of this work is divided into two major parts. The first part is dedicated to defining the legal requirements for protection of the food consumers. The second part is focused on the results of the survey which was aiming to reveal what the consumer protection in the area of food on the shelves of food chains actually looks like.
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Czech foreign trade with foodstuffs and food self-sufficiency of the Czech republic
Dlouhý, Michael ; Bolotov, Ilya (advisor) ; Kopecký, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis aims to provide an analysis of the development of Czech foreign trade with foodstuffs and Czech food self-sufficiency. The thesis itself is divided into three chapters. The first chapter defines the general criteria and the starting points of this work. The second chapter concentrates on the analysis of foreign trade with foodstuffs and accentuates the influence of the Czech republic's entry into the European Union. The third chapter assesses the degree of self-sufficiency in selected kinds of food.
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Supply of agricultural products in scholastic catering systems - practical problems
ŠMÍD, David
I studied the practical problems of agricultural products supply to selected catering facilities. The theoretical part describes the development of public catering, catering services and their classification. The chapter concerning the institutional catering systems focuses on the school and university catering facilities, including the recent legislative. The empirical part of the thesis was conducted using two approaches. In the qualitative part, I asked the directors of selected catering facilities several questions to find the potential differences between those facilities. Concurrently, I ran also a quantitative research using the questionnaires. This research targeted the exact demands of the boarders.
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Shromažďování technických podkladů k hodnocení rizika geneticky modifikované řepky olejné
Výzkumný ústav pícninářský, Troubsko ; Romanová, Gabriela ; Procházková, Alice ; Soládnová, Martina ; Vymyslický, Tomáš ; Badalíková, Barbora ; Hrubý, Jan
Cílem projektu bylo shromáždit technické podklady k hodnocení rizika geneticky modifikované řepky olejné, tj. stanovit výskyt transgenních rostlin řepky olejné a jí příbuzných druhů na těch lokalitách, kde byla v předchozích letech pěstována geneticky modifikovaná řepka olejná. Jedná se o odběr vzorků rostlinného materiálu z výše uvedených lokalit, uchování odebraných rostlinných vzorků, analýzy těchto vzorků na přítomnost genu bar a vyhodnocení analýz.
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Závěrečná zpráva o plnění projektu MŽP/340/1/31/GMO/06 o zabezpečení laboratorní detekce geneticky modifikovaných organismů používaných pro výrobu potravin a krmiv
Státní zdravotní ústav‚ Centrum hygieny potravinových řetězců v Brně‚ Laboratoř molekulárně biologických metod, Brno ; Řezníčková, Zdeňka ; Kýrová, Veronika ; Ostrý, Vladimír ; Ruprich, Jiří
Cílem projektu bylo operativní stanovení přítomnosti GMO v dodaných vzorcích, uchování referenčních vzorků pro laboratorní detekci a stanovení GMO, které mohou být využity pro výrobu potravin a krmiv, vypracování metodiky detekce vybraných GM brambor, přehled metod pro průkaz a stanovení GMO a GM produktů ve smluvních laboratořích MŽP ČR zahrnutých do sítě ENGL v ČR (SZÚ-CHPŘ, VŠCHT, VÚRV), zpracování přehledu referenčních vzorků uchovávaných na uvedených pracovištích a spolupráce s Joint Research Centre EC, plnění úkolů v rámci evropské sítě detekčních laboratoří GMO "ENGL".
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Consumer protection in the food sector, focusing on misleading advertising
Poszmiková, Silvia ; Boháček, Martin (advisor) ; Žák, Květoslav (referee)
The focus of the thesis is misleading advertising and the consumer protection against this unfair competition. The main focus area of the thesis is the misleading advertising of foodstuffs. The usage of this particular kind of commodities serves as an example to show which authorities are competent in the process of consumer protection against the misleading advertising. The thesis further deals with interpretation of terms, which are related with misleading competition, unfair competition and advertising in general. Awareness of the consumers of what are the possibilities of their protection against the misleading competition and their willingness to defend their interests is then discussed in the final part of the thesis.
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Chemical hazards of contamination of foodstuffs and dishes
MARŠÁLKOVÁ, Alena
The bachelor thesis deals with the risks of chemical contamination of food and possible health risks for the consumers. Firstly, there is a general outline of foreign substances including the additives, which are added to foods intentionally, and contaminants. The contaminants are viewed as undesirable substances which occasionally occur in foods. They develop directly in the foods or penetrate into them from the outside during the basic stages of agricultural production, in stores, during transportation or during processing for culinary purposes, or due to environmental pollution. Such substances can have negative effects on human health. The second part of the thesis focuses on concrete contaminants - nitrates, nitrites and acrylamide. Nitrates and nitrites are both contaminants and additives. Their use as food additives is motivated by their sensoric and protective effects. The sensoric function is to ensure a permanent pink colour of smoked meat and other meat products. The protective function consists in inhibiting the growth of the microorganisms Clostridium botulinum and thus preventing the origination of dangerous botulin. The nitrates exist as contaminants mainly in foods of vegetable origin, penetrating them from soil and water due to nitrogen cycle in the nature. The acrylamide is a newly discovered food contaminant. It is considered to be a very dangerous substance as regards possible peroral exposure. The danger consists in its neurotoxic, genotoxic and possible carcinogenic effects. It originates in foods with a higher content of reducing sugars during the process of production or culinary processing if the temperature is higher than 120° C. The thesis should provide information for the public as consumers or providers of different food-processing facilities. Its main objective is to pinpoint some risks connected with the consumption of various foods and meals, and to eliminate the risks as much as possible or to avoid them completely.
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