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Annotated Translation - Vegetarian diet
Vacková, Dominika ; Kloudová, Věra (advisor) ; Vavroušová, Petra (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is the translation of a German original text into Czech provided with a translation commentary. The translated text is an article published in 2011 in a German scientific journal Spiegel der Forschung n.28 (issue 1). The article deals with vegetarianism around the whole world and in Germany and tries to explain this diet to a wider audience. The translation commentary consists of a translation analysis of the original text, which contains a description of intertextual and extratextual factors based on Christiane Nord's theory. The thesis deals with translation methods, problems that occur during translation and their possible solutions based on the translation analysis. The bachelor thesis is concluded with a chapter about translation shifts. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The eating habits of children with overweight / obese and normal weight
ŠIMKOVÁ, Simona
The purpose of this bachelor´s thesis titled "Eating habits of overweight/obese and normal body weight children" was to find out how overweight/obese and normal body weight children abide by recommended healthy eating habits. The thesis is divided in two parts, a theoretical and a practical one. In the theoretical part, I describe basic terms regarding healthy eating habits for children. Furthermore, this part includes information about individual diet ingredients, about energy consumption and nutrients in various stages of children's development and about eating throughout the day. It also focuses on the issue of childhood obesity; it briefly covers eating disorders. The practical part focuses on mapping children´s eating habits. During the research, both quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized. The quantitative research was accomplished through a questionnaire on eating and physical activity preferences, where the respondents marked their frequency of various food consumption, how often they carry out certain physical activities, how often they watch television or use a computer. The qualitative research included data on weekly children's diets as well as their drinking regime (amount and kind of drink). The gathered data were evaluated using the Nutriservis professional and Microsoft Excel software. The processed data were interpreted in the form of text, graphs and tables. All the data were processed anonymously. The research sample was made up of 50 randomly selected respondents at 8 - 10 years of age, half of which (25 respondents) had a physiological weight and the other half (25 respondents) were obese/overweight. The respondents were selected based on the willingness of the children and their parents to cooperate. The questionnaires and forms used to record the food intake were distributed in schools in the Tábor district. Several children from Sezimovo Ústí also voluntarily participated. The data were gathered from February to March 2015. In total, 202 forms were distributed, out of which only 68 were used for the research purposes. Using percentile graphs, I evaluated each respondent´s weight based on their sex, height and age. According to the data in the weekly diet record I evaluated the intake of energy, protein, fats, carbohydrates, fiber and their drinking regime. Then I compared the gathered data with reference values for the given sex and age category. Furthermore, I compared the questionnaire answers to the diet record, which were continuously filled in by the respondents into the distributed forms. The research also evaluated regular physical activity, regular television watching and pc using. The gathered and evaluated data resulted in the fact that obese/overweight respondents take in too much energy and all macronutrients. The respondents with normal weight get optimal amount of energy, fats and carbohydrates. Protein intake is excessive even with the children with normal body weight. However, the average fiber intake is insufficient with all respondents. The overweight respondents´ drinking regime mostly consists of sweetened drinks; normal weight respondent's drinking regime mostly consists of non-sweetened drinks. The most significant problem of all overweight respondents was, therefore, excessive intake of sweetened drinks, higher intake of energy, protein, fats, carbohydrates and low intake of fiber. The lack of physical activity also plays a big role. Some respondents have regular physical activity only at school, which is twice a week. Children with physiological weight abide by recommended healthy eating habits more than overweight/obese children, who have significantly excessive intake of energy and individual nutrients, excessive consumption drinks consumption.
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Adolescent overweight and obesity
JINDROVÁ, Kateřina
My bachelor´s thesis deal with obesity of adolescents and problems with overweight. These problems are described in details, and after that divided into specific parts. The main goal of my bachelor´s thesis is to chart problems with obesity and overweight in age group from 15 to 18 (adolescents) and primary describe their eating habits and physical activity. Theoretical part is focused on occurrence of overweight and obesity in the Czech Republic and in the world, causes of its origin, risk factors, classification and diagnosis, types, therapy and prevention. This bachelor´s work dealing with rational diet, describing basic principles of healthy catering and explaining right or wrong foodstuffs. I point mainly on prevention of overweight and obesity by healthy eating and physical activity. Methodical part is processed thanks to quantitative research. Data were gained by questionnaires, which were given to high school students (1st - 3rd grade). The research group contains 150 respondents from different schools in České Budějovice and close neighborhood. Final results are written down primary in graphs with commentary and data charts. In case of right use of qualitative research, there were determined two hypotheses. First hypothesis: Overweight and obesity is more occurred at adolescents with wrong eating habits. Second hypothesis: Overweight and obesity is more occurred at adolescents with low physical activity. For developing exploratory part, there was used quantitative research, which was provided by questionnaires given to students of age from 15 to 18. Entire data were processed by the use of program Microsoft Excel, and its calculations and functions. The answers of respondents were registered into database, and, by using specific excel functions, I was able to report data in determined categories. The research was mainly concentrated on physical activity and eating habits. Final results are put into well-arranged graphs, which are always enriched by comments, eventually completed by data tables, and, subsequently, statistically evaluated. In results, there might be seen two main differences between adolescents with standard weight and adolescents with overweight or obesity problems. One of those is irregularity in eating and wrong eating habits; big difference is also proved in physical activity. Adolescents with obesity or overweight have often irregular food intake, they drink a lot of high caloric beverages such as Coca-Cola, Sprite, Fanta etc., deficient income of fruit, vegetables, legumes, fish, or low physical activity. Only few of obese adolescents is different, because their problem is caused genetically. Adolescents with standard weight eat more regularly, but there are also some special cases, who have similarly wrong eating habits as obese people; however, all of these adolescents have one typical quality regular physical activity. Both hypotheses are confirmed. The results show that obesity is mainly caused by genetic predispositions, but these factors can be positively affected by periodic physical activity or appropriate eating habits. At the end of the thesis, it should be mentioned that it is necessary to be focused on right eating habits and regular physical from the very young age, when the basic customs and habits are assumed. That should include parents' action around their children, as they are usually the first example and they have the biggest influence.It is important to develop knowledge about all kinds of prevention, which are in most cases major in defending against formation of overweight and obesity.
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Knowledge of principles of healthy nutrition at pupils 13 - 16 years old
LAPEŠOVÁ, Miroslava
The bachelor thesis Knowledge of principles of healthy nutrition at pupils 13 - 16 years old consists of a practical part and a theoretical part. The theoretical part is focused on basic information on a rational nutrition and on basic nutrients needed for the organism development. It informs on the nutrition in the period of pubescence and on subsequent mistakes made by teenagers. It draws attention to the necessity of regular meals in the course of the day, which is in this period of life very important and which should not be underestimated. Instructions for a proper healthy diet can be prepared with the help of so called food pyramid. The practical part presents achieved results. I applied a quantitative method of the research in the bachelor thesis. The data collection was made by means of a questionnaire, which was given to the pupils at the age between 13 and 16. The research was made at the secondary schools in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands. Five secondary schools were addressed. Totally, 229 questionnaires were distributed, 21 of them could not be used because of incorrect or insufficient completing of the data. The return was therefore 90,8 %. 208 questionnaires were used for the research, thereof 100 questionnaires were completed by girls and 108 by boys. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to determine the knowledge of principles of healthy nutrition at pupils 13 - 16 years old. Another objective besides charting the alimentation problem was also to confirm or refute three hypotheses. Hypothesis H1 supposed that pupils in the age between 13 and 16 years have a satisfactory knowledge of healthy nutrition. This hypothesis was confirmed. Hypothesis H2 supposed that most pupils follow the principles of healthy nutrition. The results did not confirm the hypothesis. Hypothesis H3 supposed that pupils have a possibility to eat according to principles of healthy nutrition, but most of them are satisfied with the current diet and would not change anything. The bachelor thesis can serve as a source of information on the healthy nutrition and correct eating of teenagers. It can be used by parents who have a possibility to influence the home menu significantly. Furthermore, teachers can warn pupils of the mistakes in the nutrition and so that they can lead them to a healthier diet.
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Nutrition of younger school children of age 7- 10 in district Třebíč - progress, trends, present situation
MARIÁNKOVÁ, Alena
In my bachelor thesis I deal with nutrition and eating habits. In the theoretical part I have tried to sum up by means of secondary literature the basic information on principles of healthy nutrition and principal nutrients necessary for healthy development of the organism. Meanwhile I focus on the researched group, that is school children in the age of 7-10. I further describe the historical development of nutrition from our ancestors to present day, I deal with actual trends in nutrition coming along our modern time and I describe pathophysiology of nutrition, especially obesity. The paper aimed at describing eating habits of school children in the district of Třebíč. The quantitative research method applying questionnaire survey was applied. The research was carried out among children at 6 primary schools, both in the town as well as in the villages. Besides researching the issue of eating habits of children and finding out information on their awareness and knowledge, the paper aimed at confirming or overcoming 4 set hypotheses. Based on the assessment of data two hypotheses have been confirmed and two overcome. The results of the research have shown that school children do not follow healthy nutrition principles. It has been further confirmed that children consume throughout the day empty calories that have no nutritional value. Unexpectedly the hypothesis was overcome which stated that along with the increase of inappropriate eating habits the BMI value is increasing. The hypothesis that eating habits differ in town and village was also overcome. The bachelor thesis can be used as a source of information on healthy nutrition and the right eating habits of children in general and the eating habits of the researched file of child population. It could be of benefit for parents and teachers as they have a great influence on children and ought to exercise a positive impact on children.
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The obesity issue in primary school children in Most
JANOŠOVÁ, Kateřina
Obesity in children has become a serious problem not only in our country but in all developed countries all over the world. The Czech Republic has ranked among the leading countries in Europe in prevalence of obesity. In an obese child the risk of later chronic diseases is increased, there is a greater probability of heart diseases, joint diseases and mental problems. An effective treatment and prevention of child obesity presupposes a complex attitude. For the bachelor thesis a quantitative research was applied by means of a questionnaire. The research file was made up by pupils of the first grade of three primary schools in Most aged 6-11 years. The main goal of the paper was to find out prevalence of obesity in school children at chosen primary schools in Most. By means of the research I came to the conclusion that 9,4% of children are overweight, 7,8% are obese. Further I have set three hypotheses. In boys of 6-10 years of age excessive weight appears more frequently than in girls, which was confirmed. Insufficient physical activity influences occurrence of obesity in younger school children. This hypothesis was also confirmed. Overweight children do not have a regular sport activity. This hypothesis was not confirmed. This bachelor thesis should be used as an information material for parents and teachers.
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The probe into the allday´s boardy habits of schoolmates in the selective schools and age´s groups.
SCHNEIDEROVÁ, Monika
Theoretical part gives a general outline of diet problem. It characterizes sugars, fats, proteins, vitamins and mineral substances in detail. It devotes to principles of healthy diet, explains the term of food pyramid and food recommended doses. The last chapter deals with the problem of food intake disorders and their syndromes, further it deals with obesity and its causes, prevention and consequential healthy risks. The aim of the practical part is to map unhealthy habits of target group concerning eating. For this purpose, we used quantitative method in the form of questionnaires with subsequent graphic charts of answers.
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DIET LIKE A PREDOMINATE WAY OF WOMEN FEEDING NOWADAYS
BORŮVKOVÁ, Eliška
Abstract Diet like a predominate way of women feeding nowadays This bachelor essay summarises the basic information about the most popular dieting methods and the problems associated with healthy eating. The theoretical part of the essay focuses on the basic information about dieting and healthy eating. The origin of dieting methods is mentioned, together with the most popular methods used. It cannot be said that all popular dieting methods are nutritionally deficient. Health risks increase with the level of strictness, and the number of foodstuffs that are excluded. With many it is necessary to use food supplements. The most common include Atkinson Diet, zone diet, portioned diet, diet based on blood group, vegetarianism, cabbage soup, low caloric diets, starvation and super diets. Further, there is a focus on what healthy eating should actually include, as unhealthy diet is one of the most important risk factors in acquiring illness. Ideal diet is regular, rich and suitably balanced in the choice of foodstuffs, which is based on the eating recommendation in the form of a food pyramid. The practical part, presents the research findings in relation to the issue mentioned above. The research part of the essay, carried out using questionnaires, is concerned with the eating patterns of contemporary women, the perception of their body and preoccupation with food. Research findings suggest that dieting and preoccupation with food does not prevail over general patterns of eating in most women, however that does not mean that contemporary women have a healthy diet, on the contrary. Findings rather tend to point out that women who think more about food, and do diet, have a healthier patterns of eating than others, it follows mainly from the questions regarding choice of foodstuffs. These women tend to choose mainly wholegrain bread, skimmed and low fat milk products, with the intake of more vegetable and fruit. However, even with these women we find discrepancy in their healthy diets, first of all low intake of whole grain, milk products and missing meals during later morning hours, or on the other hand missing super, which prolongs the time of hunger. Overall findings demonstrate that women consume small amount of whole grain, milk products, fruit and vegetables. Lack of these foodstuff could lead to the reduction of the amount of vitamins, minerals, and fibre in the body, which could have serious health complication.
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