|
|
Potential vectors of leishmaniases in southeastern Asia
Mandysová, Adéla ; Dvořák, Vít (advisor) ; Vojtková, Barbora (referee)
Leishmaniasis are neglected tropical diseases caused by intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. They are transmitted by blood feeding phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). The disease occurs in many parts of the world, including southeastern Asia. Recently, the number of human leishmaniasis cases have been increasing in this region. Leishmania martiniquenis and L. orientalis of the subgenus Mundinia are the causative agents of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, L. donovani and L. infantum are the causative agents only of visceral leishmaniasis (also known as kala-azar) here. Domestic animals may serve as natural reservoirs, suggesting their role in zoonotic cycle. Although the fauna of phlebotomine sandflies in this area is rich, no species has yet been proven as a vector of the disease. Recent studies suggest that other groups of insects in the southeastern Asia could transmit the diasease. The potential vectors could be females of the genus Sergentomyia (Diptera: Psychodidae) and also biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Key words: sand fly, leishmaniasis, vector, southeastern Asia, Thailand
|
|
|
Trypanosomes from the T. theileri group in ungulates in the Czech Republic
Brotánková, Anna ; Brzoňová, Jana (advisor) ; Juránková, Jana (referee)
The Trypanosoma theileri group are blood parasites of ungulates. Confirmed vectors of these protists are horseflies or sheep keds for T. melophagium, but these trypanosomes were also detected in deer keds, mosquitoes and phlebotomus. We targeted on the investigation of possibility mosquitoes acting as vectors and additionally we targeted on the prevalence of T. theileri in mosquitoes at selected locations in the Czech Republic due to previous positive detection there. The measured prevalence has reached 6,4 % in mosquitoes, 4 % in deer keds and 16,7 % in sheep keds. The aim of experimental infections was to discover a potential of mosquitoes and phlebotomus acting as vectors of the T. theileri. Phlebotomus perniciosus and three species of mosquitoes Culex pipiens molestus, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes vexans were used for those experiments. Furthermore, isolates of T. theileri and T. melophagium from different sources were used. The divergence among these isolates and among used species of insect was found. The best results were achieved with Ae. aegypti and isolates from mosquitoes, where prevalence had reached 90,8 %. The infected mosquitoes were used for prediuresis research which had shown infection forms of the trypanosomes in the urine liquid. The phylogenetic analyse of T....
|
|
|
Trypanosomes from the T. theileri group in ungulates in the Czech Republic
Brotánková, Anna ; Brzoňová, Jana (advisor) ; Juránková, Jana (referee)
The Trypanosoma theileri group are blood parasites of ungulates. Confirmed vectors of these protists are horseflies or sheep keds for T. melophagium, but these trypanosomes were also detected in deer keds, mosquitoes and phlebotomus. We targeted on the investigation of possibility mosquitoes acting as vectors and additionally we targeted on the prevalence of T. theileri in mosquitoes at selected locations in the Czech Republic due to previous positive detection there. The measured prevalence has reached 6,4 % in mosquitoes, 4 % in deer keds and 16,7 % in sheep keds. The aim of experimental infections was to discover a potential of mosquitoes and phlebotomus acting as vectors of the T. theileri. Phlebotomus perniciosus and three species of mosquitoes Culex pipiens molestus, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes vexans were used for those experiments. Furthermore, isolates of T. theileri and T. melophagium from different sources were used. The divergence among these isolates and among used species of insect was found. The best results were achieved with Ae. aegypti and isolates from mosquitoes, where prevalence had reached 90,8 %. The infected mosquitoes were used for prediuresis research which had shown infection forms of the trypanosomes in the urine liquid. The phylogenetic analyse of T....
|
|
|
Phlebotomine saliva: the perspecives of application of some of their recombinantly produced proteins
Rožníčková, Lucie ; Zídková, Lenka (advisor) ; Štáfková, Jitka (referee)
Sandflies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) are the vectors of one of the most significant tropical diseases, leishmaniosis. Their saliva contains substances with antihemostatic, vasodilatory and immunomodulatory effect. These substances are of great significance in transmission of leishmaniosis, because of their ability to influence the host immune response. Naive host saliva modulate the immune system to such an extent, that it reduces an infective dose and increases the pathogenicity of leishmaniosis. On the other hand, a repeatedly exposed host generates a cellular and antibody immune response, which is able to make the initial development of infection impossible. Repeated exposure of individual sandflies lead to formation of antibodies against components of saliva, which may play a role as a rate exposure indicator and thus the risk of leashmaniosis infection. These proteins and glycoproteins can be produced by recombinant DNA technology. Recombinant vaccine could help in the fight against leishmaniasis. Keywords: saliva, sand fly, leishmania, recombinant proteins.
|
guest ::
