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Relevance of nutritional recommendations obtained electronically from different sources
Neprašová, Marie ; Hubáček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
This thesis focuses on nutritional recommendations as information provided by national and international institutions that they receive to individuals. It can be their activity in society and the creation of educational materials or the opportunity to address them directly about a specific problem. The theoretical part introduces the topic of general nutritional recommendations, which are designed primarily for the whole society or for a certain group of people (like children, seniors etc.). Finally, the exact topics that are not usually included in the general nutritional recommendations for the population are discussed. These are mainly health conditions where a specific direction of diet is necessary, and the diet has its given restrictions. The topics were selected based on their popularity and topicality in the population. The work analyzes topics such as salt intake in food, iron deficiency, eating disorders, possible nutrient deficiencies in the vegetarian diet, but also metabolic disorders such as phenylketonuria, milk protein allergy or lactose intolerance. Due to the focus on Czech nutritional recommendations, it was drawn mainly from Czech publications of renowned personalities in the field of nutrition, medicine and food, they were supplemented by current scientific studies, which were...
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Diet for Phenylketonuria in Childhood and Its Financial Complexity
KONIAKOVSKÁ, Alena
The thesis deals with the diet of children with phenylketonuria. Phenylketonuria, its diagnostics and incidence are described in the theoretical part, it also further discusses the treatment of the disease, dietary measures as part of low-protein diet and recommended intakes of macronutrients. In last part, it focuses on the support of the individuals with phenylketonuria in the Czech Republic. The objective of the thesis was to map the diet of children with phenylketonuria and compare financial burden of low-protein diet with diet without restrictions. 10 children with phenylketonuria took part in the research. The collection of data was realized by the qualitative method using the semi-structured interview which was then processed into case studies. The meal plans sent by parents were evaluated in the Nutriservis Professional and PKU nutrition table, subsequently evaluated and similar meal plans without restrictions, containing common foods were created. In conclusion, both meal plans were compared. The analysis of the meal plans shows, that almost half of the respondents do not meet their daily energy needs. Carbohydrates are sufficiently present in the diet of children with phenylketonuria, on the contrary half of the respondents had a low fat intake. Proteins are consumed in sufficient amount, in some cases excessively. The meal plan was often monotonous. The reason could be high prices of special foods and rejection of the new ones. Low-protein products make up almost 60 % of all expenses for this diet. In summary, the diet for children with phenylketonuria is about 80 % more expensive than ordinary diet without restrictions. For half of the respondents, the health insurance contribution and the allowance for caregivers will cover all costs. For the second half, the expenses are covered only partially this way. The thesis can help increase public knowledge and awareness about the disease and its economic burden.
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School achievement in pupils with phenylketonuria
NENADÁLOVÁ, Lucie
The diploma thesis called "School Achievement in Pupils with Phenylketonuria" tries to outline the lives of people who have to face up to a hereditary metabolic disorder - phenylketonuria, subjective and objective level of school success of these individuals. The theoretical part of this thesis offers the explanation of this term, introduces its diagnostics in general, the way of treatment, the specific diet and the impact of phenylketonuria on the development of individuals. Furthermore, the theoretical part describes the school achievement in pupils with phenylketonuria, the self-view of individuals with phenylketonuria and the quality of life of these people supported by the already conducted researches. The practical part of the thesis is devoted to the case studies of individuals suffering from phenylketonuria and emphasizes their school achievement, cognitive difficulties at higher levels of phenylalanine. More generally, it follows the level of acceptance of these people to the wider environment and tries to explain how the phenylketonuria has influenced their life. The aim of this work is to map the impact of phenylketonuria on the school achievement of respondents, their inclusion in the school team and the degree of influence on their life with phenylketonuria.
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The diet for phenylketonuria
CHYŠKOVÁ, Michaela
There is currently no known method to cure PKU completely. With a disorder and a special type of metabolism that accompanies this disease, the individual will meet his / her whole life. This is a specific genetic notation that makes a given diagnosis in humans. For PKU is an incurable metabolic disorder, it is necessary to follow a lifelong diet that will allow normal physical, intellectual and neurological development. It has been known for more than fifty years that diet must contain a low amount of phenylalanine, thereby significantly reduces the risk of brain damage in childhood when it develops vigorously. The diet is indicated by the attending physician in cooperation with the nutritional therapist according to the tolerance values of phenylalanine in the blood. Specific blood values are determined at regular intervals, and according to phenylalanine values, the dietary plan of the individual is subsequently adjusted to suit his / her requirements and does not pose any risk to his / her health. The aim of my bachelor thesis is to map the common diet of children's patients with phenylketonuria, where each child has a different tolerance value of phenylalanine. As a result, the diet must be individually adapted and assembled. At the same time, I will be interested in possible problems and limitations that the patient may encounter and in the impacts not only on the individual, but also on the family and surroundings in which the child lives and grows up. To elaborate the practical part of my bachelor thesis I have chosen a qualitative research method in which I focused on 3 respondents. Specifically, 3 children with phenylketonuria, in the presence and cooperation of their legal representatives. I conducted an unstructured interview with them in which I was looking for detailed information about the health of the children and their eating habits. Then, I evaluated the information obtained and described it. The bachelor thesis could serve as an information material for medical staff or patients who face this disease. I found out from the interviews that no mother was prepared to have a phenylketonuria offspring. For everybody it was a shock and a new life situation, and both the whole family and the children themselves had to and still have to somehow cope with it. There is a new life stage in life, where the proper nutrition of the child is being solved for the proper development. There is a very important dietary treatment and cooperation with doctors and nutritional therapists. Diet is more expensive because special phenylketonuric products are more expensive than commonly available foods, but must be followed systematically and best with lifelong delivery of medications. If the child eats as recommended by the doctor, the development is in order and the risks of health complications are minimized.
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The diet for phenylketonuria
CHYŠKOVÁ, Michaela
There is currently no known method to cure PKU completely. With a disorder and a special type of metabolism that accompanies this disease, the individual will meet his / her whole life. This is a specific genetic notation that makes a given diagnosis in humans. For PKU is an incurable metabolic disorder, it is necessary to follow a lifelong diet that will allow normal physical, intellectual and neurological development. It has been known for more than fifty years that diet must contain a low amount of phenylalanine, thereby significantly reduces the risk of brain damage in childhood when it develops vigorously. The diet is indicated by the attending physician in cooperation with the nutritional therapist according to the tolerance values of phenylalanine in the blood. Specific blood values are determined at regular intervals, and according to phenylalanine values, the dietary plan of the individual is subsequently adjusted to suit his / her requirements and does not pose any risk to his / her health. The aim of my bachelor thesis is to map the common diet of children's patients with phenylketonuria, where each child has a different tolerance value of phenylalanine. As a result, the diet must be individually adapted and assembled. At the same time, I will be interested in possible problems and limitations that the patient may encounter and in the impacts not only on the individual, but also on the family and surroundings in which the child lives and grows up. To elaborate the practical part of my bachelor thesis I have chosen a qualitative research method in which I focused on 3 respondents. Specifically, 3 children with phenylketonuria, in the presence and cooperation of their legal representatives. I conducted an unstructured interview with them in which I was looking for detailed information about the health of the children and their eating habits. Then, I evaluated the information obtained and described it. The bachelor thesis could serve as an information material for medical staff or patients who face this disease. I found out from the interviews that no mother was prepared to have a phenylketonuria offspring. For everybody it was a shock and a new life situation, and both the whole family and the children themselves had to and still have to somehow cope with it. There is a new life stage in life, where the proper nutrition of the child is being solved for the proper development. There is a very important dietary treatment and cooperation with doctors and nutritional therapists. Diet is more expensive because special phenylketonuric products are more expensive than commonly available foods, but must be followed systematically and best with lifelong delivery of medications. If the child eats as recommended by the doctor, the development is in order and the risks of health complications are minimized.
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Specifics of nursing care for a child with phenylketonuria
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Monika
Current situation: Research in this work, in addition to the issue of the specifics of nursing care of children with phenylketonuria, also deals with the very important area of diagnostics, dietary measure and treatment of disease. Phenylketonuria is an inherited metabolit disease which is diagnosed in the early hours of the newborn's life. Early diagnosis is very important to prevent irreversible ganges in the newborns' health. The aim of the work to assess the knowledge of nurses in nursing care of children with phenylketonuria. There was also evaluated the knowledge of parents who have children with phenylketonuria. Methodology used: A qualitative research method was used for the processing of the research. Standardized depth interview with nurses and parents of sick children with phenylketonuria were used to collect relevant data in the thesis. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, coled by the ,,pencil and paper method and then categorized. The research sample consisted nurses and parents of children with phenylketonuria. The first research sample consisted of five nurses from the Children's Department. The second reserch sample represented five parents of children diagnosed with such a disease. The research samples were selected intentionally and thein size was determined by theoretical saturation of data. Results of the research showed that nurses have a satisfactory understanding of the problems of phenylketonuria nursing care as well as they understand a dietary measure and administration of amoni acid products for children with the disease. Nurses also have satisfactory knowledge about implementation of screening tests in newborns and about the disease itself. The second surfy showed that parents who have children diagnosed with phenylketonuria have very sufficient information about the disease. Also thein awareness about diagnosing the disease is satisfactory. In general, the parents know most information about dietary measures and the amino acid supplements. Conclusions and recommendations for practice: Although phenylketonuria inchildren is not among the frequently occurring diseases, nurses have relevant knowledge on this isme and they well in practice. Relevant knowledge among parents who have children with phenylketonuria play salso a key role. The outcome of the thesis was also to create an information brochure especially designed for parents of children who have been diangnosed with phenylketonuria and for the general public. The information brochure includes a brief summary about the disease, dietary restrictions including appropriate and inappropriate food and information about treatment of the disease.
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Use of Design Thinking approach on service innovation for Nutricia a.s.
Pospíšilová, Lucie ; Jiřinová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Schinková, Natálie (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to identify innovation opportunities, which will serve to encourage individuals with inborn metabolic disorder phenylketunuria (also PKU) to comply with their strict dietary restrictions. The theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to the definition of basic concepts of innovation and techniques of Design thinking focusing on the Human-centered design approach. Futhermore the reader will find introduction into inborn metabolic disorder phenylketonuria. The practical part contains a plan of research, description of the current situation on the Czech market, outputs of research with experts, outputs of the workshop with individuals with PKU and the identification of innovation opportunities and recommendations.
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Evaluation of food and diet in disease phenylketonuria
Čermáková, Venuše ; Faměra, Oldřich (advisor) ; Renata, Renata (referee)
This diploma thesis pursues the hypothesis, that strict abiding or failures in low protein diet are deciding about the health of patients with phenylketonuria. The goal of the thesis was to evaluate the composition of the diet for selected set of patients from the dietological and nutritious point of view in dependence on individual health condition, to compare the values with the diet of healthy people and to evaluate the availability of special healthcare and nutrition for phenylketonuria patients.
The summary of literature gives informations about phenylketonuria, causes of its origin, metabolism of phenylalanin, diagnostics, possibilities of treatment, risks
of repercussion of not treating, impact of nutrition composition of patients' health and dietological recommendations.
For assessment of the bilance of nutrients and energy in the diet of phenylketonuria patients a group of 10 people was selected with different age, sex and dietary level, 5 people with phenylketonuria a 5 healthy persons. For each person a detailed weekly diet was setup and nutritious intake was evaluated, observed was daily intake of Phe, protein, fat, carbohydrate and energy. For persons with phenylketonuria the nutritious was evaluated
in two steps, with and without usage of medical agent. The values of the patients were compared with healthy persons.
From the results a necessity of using medical amino acid agents was derived, in other case there is a risk of serious deficit of protein intake, for some also of fat and energy.
A complicated situation arises for women with phenylketonuria, who plan pregnancy.
The research implies necessity of strict adherence to low protein diet before conception and frequent monitoring of Phe blood values during pregnancy.
The diet must be compiled cautiosly with considering the individual state of patiens,
a thorough education from childhood to adulthood is recommended. The situation would be simplified with a better approach of the state in the area of compensation the costs for foods, but also additional support for phenylketonuria patiens, to improve especially the availability of special foods for low protein diet and treatment possibility.
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Influence of phenylketonuria on osteopenia
Tůmová, Linda ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Adéla, Adéla (referee)
The Masters thesis deals with The influence of external factors on bone loss in patients with phenylketonuria. The phenylketonuria is relatively rare disease, but it is one of the most common inherited metabolic diseases, with the incidence of 1:10000 newborns in Europe. It is an autosomal recessive disease, caused by the deficiency or low activity of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase in liver. This enzyme catalyzes the hydroxylation of phenylalanine to tyrosine in the presence of cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin. Mutations in the gene for this enzyme (previously described more than 800 mutations) or in the gene for the cofactor (2% of cases) results when received normal diet, a large amount of unprocessed phenylalanine can accumulate in the blood and other bodily fluids while the levels of tyrosine and its metabolites are low. This situation leads to severe mental retardation, eczema, microcephaly, growth retardation, physical disability, psychiatric problems, etc. Due to the fact that mental retardation is usually irreversible, testing and early diagnosis is crucial when it comes to this disease. Because of the severity of the disease, a mandatory screening test for newborns was implemented in the Czech Republic in 1975, followed by a treatment diet, that consists of a strict restriction of protein and supplementation of amino acid preparations without phenylalanin. One of the chronic problems connected to this illness are decreased bone density in children and adults with PKU. Although the underlying cause of osteopenia in phenylketonuria has not yet been elucidated, it is a consequence of several factors.
Using the questionnaire, my data was evaluated for the incidence of bone loss in patients with PKU. As my research shows, the incidence of osteoporosis in patients with PKU is higher than the normal population. In 41,3 % of PKU patients were diagnosed osteopenia and osteoporosis in 2,2 %. In the normal population, 99 % of respondents have a normal BMD, while 1 % were diagnosed the osteoporosis. Furthermore, comparing the data with the normal and PKU populations, it has not been confirmed by external influences such as BMI, drinking coffee and cola drinks, and physical activity for example, in regards to bone loss. Conversely showed, that phenylketonuriacs consume cola drinks more than the normal population, most likely due to the factor of gaining quick energy.
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