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Novel Approaches To Protect The Heart Against Postischemic Failure
Hrdlička, Jaroslav ; Papoušek, František (advisor) ; Zicha, Josef (referee) ; Vízek, Martin (referee)
Ischemic heart disease and resulting heart failure (HF) belong to the leading causes of death in developed countries. In order to prevent HF and improve clinical outcome in patients with myocardial infarction, novel therapies are required to protect the heart against the detrimental effect of ischemic injury. Due to the failure to translate numerous available experimental cardioprotective strategies into clinical practice, the need for novel protective treatments persists. We have, therefore, tried to apply a novel approach to cardiac protection against the postischemic HF induced in rats by ligation of the coronary artery. For this purpose, we have studied (i) the preventive and therapeutic effects of adaptation to continuous normobaric hypoxia (CNH; 12% O2) and exercise training (ExT; treadmill running), and (ii) the possible cardioprotective potential of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET)-based therapy in order to attenuate the postischemic HF in rats. Adaptation to CNH and ExT is known for their cardioprotection in acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury manifested as reduction of infarct size. EETs exert antihypertensive effects and thus seem to be perspective for the research in clinically relevant models of cardioprotection in hypertensive animals. Our results have revealed that: - CNH prior to...
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Physiotherapy Focused on Physical Activity Intoleration in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Nováková, Vendula ; Havlová, Martina (advisor) ; Konopáčová, Eva (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Author: Vendula Nováková Supervisor: Mgr. Martina Havlová Title of bachelor thesis: Physiotherapy Focused on Physical Activity Intoleration in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Abstract: The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is written in the form of literary research. It begins with a brief introduction to COPD, etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and classification. Substantial part is devoted to clinical manifestations of the disease. Furthermore, it deals with physical activity in patients with COPD, which is the central topic of the work. Last but not least, lung rehabilitation and treatment options are mentioned. The practical part of this work is focused on influencing the intolerance of physical activities of a patient with COPD. I set up a therapeutic unit to increase physical exercise tolerance. I verify the effectiveness of the therapy in the form of a case report, which contains the input and output examinations. The result is not only a positive effect of this therapy on physical exercise tolerance, but also on other symptoms that are often associated with this disease. The discussion explains how the results could be improved and how to make the therapy more effective. Key words: Chronic obstructive...
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Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular systolic function in rats adapted to hypoxia and exercise training
Hrdlička, Jaroslav ; Papoušek, František (advisor) ; Vybíral, Stanislav (referee)
- 4 - Abstract Adaptation to hypoxia or exercise training has cardioprotective effects against acute ischemic injury, but can potentially negatively influence heart function. Possible negative changes depend on the degree of hypoxia and exercise training intensity. It is therefore necessary to evaluate the effects of the specific adaptation protocols used. The ideal technique is echocardiography, which enables non-invasive, repeated and long-term measurements of the same individual allowing to study the development of changes in the course of adaptation. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of selected protocols of adaptation to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (corresponding to the altitude of 4,000 to 8,000 meters above sea level, for 15 weeks in total) and exercise training (running speed 30 m.min-1 for 60 min a day, 4 weeks in total) on the left ventricle geometry and systolic function in rats. We assessed basic echocardiographic parameters of the ventricle geometry and function such as fractional shortening, ejection fraction, stroke volume, cardiac output etc. The adaptation of rats to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia lead neither to the impairment of systolic function nor to the development of left ventricle hypertrophy compared to controls; signs of moderate hypertrophy were observed only...
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