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Výskyt ftalátů v potravním řetězci a jejich vliv na lidský organizmus
Kloudová, Vendula
The bachelor's thesis entitled Occurrence of phthalates in the food chain and their effect on the human organism discusses the issue of food contamination and its entry into the human body. The primary way the human body is exposed to phthalates is through the consumption of contaminated food. There are several ways in which phthalates enter the food chain. For example, contaminated feed is given to animals, resulting in the presence of phthalates in animal tissues. Subsequently, these contaminated raw materials are used in the production of food, leading to their presence in the final product. Due to their ubiquitous occurrence, this thesis also analyzes other routes of exposure to phthalates for the human body, such as cosmetic preparations or medical devices. The work first defines the physical and chemical properties of phthalates that have a significant influence on the contamination of the surrounding environment. Subsequently, it describes the metabolism of phthalates in the human body and possible ways in which they can be degraded. Furthermore, the acute and chronic toxicity of phthalates is defined here, which classifies phthalates as so-called endocrine disruptors that have an adverse effect on reproduction, prenatal and postnatal development, or carcinogenicity. Methods for detecting phthalates are also described in the thesis, and less toxic functional alternatives to phthalates are presented. Finally, legislative measures related to the issue are analyzed in the conclusion of the thesis.
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Sledování obsahu ftalátů v obalech a jejich migrace z obalů do masných výrobků
Musilová, Eva
This diploma thesis on the topic Monitoring of phthalates content in packaging and their migration from the packaging to the meat products deals with analysis of textile colour-printed packaging intented for packaging of meats products to find out dibutylphthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) content and also deals with monitoring migration of these phthalates into model meat products during storage (for twenty-eight days). The values of concentration of DBP and DEHP in packaging reached 24.0 ug.dm-2 and 103.3 ug.dm-2 of the original sample. Sample of meat product was analyzed before packaging and no phthalates were detected. After packaging and storage the highest value of DBP concentration at the end of the storage period was 11,1 mg.kg-1 and concentration of DEHP was 28,2 mg.kg-1 of the original sample. Based on the results from measurements with increasing storage time increased concentrations of these substances in meat products. In accordance with the specific migration limits (for DBP 0,3 mg.kg-1 and for DEHP 1,5 mg.kg-1) mentioned in Commission Regulation (EU) no. 10/2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food have been exceeded in all samples of meat products during storage.
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Ftaláty v potištěných a nepotištěných obalech masných výrobků
Lavingrová, Veronika
The diploma thesis is focused on the determination of the content of phthalates (PAE) in printed and non-printed plastic packaging materials for meat products. There were analyzed 30 package samples. The sample area was 1 dm2. Concentrations of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) ranged from undetectable values (< 0.1) to 72.6 ug.dm-2 of the sample surface in printed packaging materials. In non-printed wraps it was from undetectable values (< 0.1) to 67.7 ug.dm-2 of the sample surface. Concentrations of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) ranged from undetectable values (< 0.1) to 98.7 ug.dm-2 of the sample surface in printed packaging materials. In non-printed wraps it was from undetectable values (< 0.1) to 60.3 ug.dm-2 of the sample surface.
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Analýza esterů kyseliny ftalové v zemědělských půdách ČR
Grossová, Lucie
The thesis on the topic "The analysis of phthalic acid esters in agricultural soils in the Czech Republic" describes the properties of phthalic acid esters, the occurrence and the negative effects related to the environment and human health. The aim of this diploma thesis was to monitor phthalic acid esters, especially di-2- (ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) in agricultural soil samples. Monitoring of phthalates was carried out in cooperation with the Central Control and Testing Institute of Agriculture in Brno as part of their annual monitoring of phthalates and other organic contaminants in soils. During March 2018, a total of 40 soil samples were collected in 12 regions of the Czech republic. Before phthalate analysis, samples were extracted with a mixture of acetone-hexane (1:1). Using ultrasound was performed using high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Determined concentrations for DBP were from 0.13 to 1.07 mg.kg-1 dry weight and for DEHP from 0.13 to 1.02 mg.kg-1 dry weight.
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Ftaláty v jogurtech po dobu skladování
Stará, Markéta
The thesis Phthalates in yoghurts during storage focuses on monitoring of phthalic acid esters in yogurt samples in relation to their storage period. The analyzed phthalates are di-2-(ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl-phthalate (DBP), which are among the most commonly used polymeric plasticizers, especially polyvinyl chloride. I analyzed samples of yoghurt with 1 % and 5 % chia and bamboo fiber and then subsequently compared them with natural yogurts. In total, I analyzed 120 samples of yoghurt, for which I measured DBP concentrations ranging from 0.2 mg.kg-1 to 7.7 mg.kg-1 of the original raw material and concentration of undetected values of DEHP in range up to 2.6 mg.kg-1 of the original raw material. While analyzing the yoghurt packaging, I measured average DBP values of 174.1 μg.dm-2 (68.0 μg.g-1 plastic) and DEHP values of 26.2 μg.dm-2 (10.2 μg.g-1 plastic). After prior preparation of samples, I used high performance liquid chromatography to do the phthalates analysis.
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