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Evaluation of local muscular load off upper limbs in dental laboratory technician
PECHOVÁ, Eva
In the working environment we face lots of danger factors. A danger factor of local muscular load is still a big problem. At the work of dental laboratory technicians an enormous one-sided loading of upper extremities occurs, consequently vocational diseases may occur as well. It depends on the individual perception of load at each of us and on our working capacity. The absence of well-being resulting from the influence of danger factors on our organism leads to a number of various health problems, inadequate workload, fatique, and unpleasant feelings. Non- respecting the ergonomic requirements may also have negative impact on the health of workers. It may prove e.g. by an increasing number of work injuries, by problems with disorders of muscular and skeletal system, by overloading of muscular groups as a logical consequence of one-sided, long-term and excessive muscular load. In its theoretical part my bachelor´s work supported by literature available summarizes basic information on the problems of local muscular load. It focuses first of all on the characteristics of individual danger factors, on the basic pieces of knowledge of anatomy of upper limb, it describes physical load, some vocational diseases and also basic ergonomic requirements. The practical part is aimed at setting up a hypothesis concerning health danger resulting from local muscular load of upper extremities at dental laboratory technicians, evaluation of health danger of this factor of working conditions for classifying the work. For meeting the target of research three hypotheses were determined. The method of qualitative research was chosen {--} especially the secondary analysis od data. The research was carried out in the district of České Budějovice and four workers of a dental laboratory took part in it. On the basis of assessed data all three hypotheses were confirmed. The results proved that the work of dental laboratory technicians is danger work, local muscular load of upper extremities reaches a higher degree and values which enable to place it in the third category. The bachelor´s work may contribute to better knowledgeability of health danger. The suggested measures may help improve working conditions at a particular workplace
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Implementation of improvement methods of industrial production
NOVÁČEK, Tomáš
Nováček, T. Implementation of improvement methods in manufacturing. České Budějovice 2010. Bachelor thesis. Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích. College of education. Department of physics. Supervisor Ing. Michal Šerý. This thesis describes a real application of improvement methods in manufacturing. The methods are applied to the obsolete line having the attributes of industrial production 80th of the last century. The main objective of the project is to build a new, robust manufacturing process to a logical flow with adequate capacity of produce. Next, process must be effective and with low risk of customer complaints manufactured products. On this occasion, it was necessary to apply modern methods to analyze the current state and the future state. During the construction of benches are accounted and described the principles of ergonomics in order to minimize the burden on the line for workers and prepare them to working conditions that they work effectively achieved without losses.
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Training of the back at vertebrogenous patients
ZEISKOVÁ, Kateřina
The world statistics state that 80% of the population encounter pains in the back. These problems were accelerated by modern times, that thanks, to the technical comfort, brought to many people health troubles resulting from the lack of exercise. I chose the subject {\clqq} Training of the back`` because I work as physiotherapist and the people feeling pains in the back belong to my profession every day. I occupy myself with the given problems. Considering the present state of the given problems, I concentrated on the most important connection concerning the training of the back. First, I described the backbone as a part of the locomotory system. Another guideline that was interconnection of muscular groups of the back, chest, abdomen and of the pelvis, that build the muscular corset. I described locomotory stereotypes and disorders there of in particular relations. Integral part of the present state that is the origin of the pain, its cause, diagnosis and therapy. In the theoretical part I dealt with general principles as to the training of the back and with the importance of this training for the therapy of vertebrogenous patients. The aim of the work and of the research was to discover whether a change in locomotory stereotypes before and after therapy took place at patients with pains in lumbosacral part of the backbone and to propose for three different professions the therapy inclusive of necessary regiment measures. The hypothesis was proclaimed that the therapy including also the training of the back will bring about the change locomotory habits of the patients. Secondary analysis of data from health documentation in combination with directly watching the patents were used as technology of the research. The last form of the research is the questionnaire interviewing of the patients suffering from pains in the lumbosacral part of the backbone. It concerns an integral research with prevailing technologies of quantitative research. The basic check group, that are clients of the physiotherapeutical clinic, who suffer from back pains in the lumbosacral part of the backbone. 100 patients altogether underwent the therapy. They were given the same number of questionnaires. All of them were returned. Theoretical questionnaire investigation was under way from October 2007 to March 2008. I used diagrams in processing the collected data and show the results in percentages. I chose three different professions in the course of therapy, and that secretary, forester and student doing sport and I proposed for them the therapy of back pain, that included also the training of their backs and regimen measures as pain prevention. The proclaimed hypothesis was confirmed in connection with the aim of the work. The research work, I carried out, present analysis of particular locomotory stereotypes. The results showed that locomotory habits had been improved after the therapy in direction to psychology. If the patients observe the stereotypes, they learnt and continue the physiotherapy, I chose, and the part of which is also the training of the back, helped not only the patients themselves, but that it brought benefit for the whole physiotherapeutical clinic. The work will be exploited for organization of seminars on the given place of work.
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