|
|
The effect of sampling point on hygienically significant water indicators in natural bathing establishment
Zelinková, Myra ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Popovský, Jiří (referee)
In this diploma thesis, I deal with the influence of the sampling site on water quality in natural bathing lakes (Hostivar reservoir, Seberak pond and Vyzlovka pond) in this. I have established that hygienically significant kinds of phytoplankton may differ in terms of water quality especially where there are cyanobacteria constituting water bloom. Surface water bloom may be moved by wind to the lee side of the water body (Microcystis sp.). Aphanizomenon flos-aquae water bloom floating in water column can be affected by wind and by water flow (which may be partly affected by wind as well). With the prevailing fibrous Planktothrix agardhii which does not connstitute water bloom the concentration of chlorophyll-a and cyanobacterial cell abundance in individual sampling sites are similar although the concentration of chlorophyll-a a is about 200 g.l-1 . Microcystis sp. and Scenedesmus sp. survive under eutrophic conditions in competition. From the microbiological perspective, water quality can differ within a single sampling site in places at a distance of less than 100 m. Microbial contamination can be caused by bathers, water birds, farm animals and probably by the removing of microorganisms from sand, mud and sediments on the beach or shore. Rain episodes probably increase the abundance of E.coli...
|
|
|
Effectiveness of disinfectants for hygienic hand disinfection against clinically important strains of enterococci
Malíková, Martina ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Bioanalytical laboratory diagnostics in health care Candidate: Bc. Martina Malíková Thesis supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Consultant: RNDr. Irena Hanovcová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Effectiveness of disinfectants for hygienic hand disinfection against clinically important strains of enterococci Alcohol-based hand disinfectants for hygienic hand disinfection are a key tool for the control of nosocomial infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of these products, which are used in healthcare facilities, against vancomycin-sensitive and vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from clinical materials. Testing of the efficacy of disinfectants was performed according to the Czech technical standard ČSN EN 1040 - Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics - Quantitative test using suspension to determine the basic bactericidal effect of chemical disinfectants and antiseptics - Test method and requirements (phase 1). We used the dilution method with a neutraliser for our testing. There were used a total of 35 strains of enterococci to determine efficacy, 12 of which were vancomycin sensitive (four E. faecium strains and eight E. faecalis...
|
|
|
Effectiveness of disinfectants for hygienic hand disinfection against clinically important strains of enterococci
Malíková, Martina ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Bioanalytical laboratory diagnostics in health care Candidate: Bc. Martina Malíková Thesis supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Consultant: RNDr. Irena Hanovcová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Effectiveness of disinfectants for hygienic hand disinfection against clinically important strains of enterococci Alcohol-based hand disinfectants for hygienic hand disinfection are a key tool for the control of nosocomial infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of these products, which are used in healthcare facilities, against vancomycin-sensitive and vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from clinical materials. Testing of the efficacy of disinfectants was performed according to the Czech technical standard ČSN EN 1040 - Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics - Quantitative test using suspension to determine the basic bactericidal effect of chemical disinfectants and antiseptics - Test method and requirements (phase 1). We used the dilution method with a neutraliser for our testing. There were used a total of 35 strains of enterococci to determine efficacy, 12 of which were vancomycin sensitive (four E. faecium strains and eight E. faecalis...
|
|
|
Sensitivity testing of vankomycin resistant and vancomycin sensitive enteroccoci on selected biocides
Malíková, Martina ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Voxová, Barbora (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Healthcare bioanalytics Candidate: Martina Malíková Thesis supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Consultant: RNDr. Irena Hanovcová, CSc. Title of bachelor thesis: Testing the sensitivity of vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-sensitive enterococci on selected biocides Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) are one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections. The aim of this work was to determine the sensitivity of vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-sensitive enterococci to selected biocides, which are part of disinfection programs in healthcare facilities. When testing the effectiveness of disinfectants, we followed the Czech technical standard ČSN EN 1040 - Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics - Quantitative suspension test to determine the basic bactericidal effect of chemical disinfectants and antiseptics - Test method and requirements (Phase 1). We used a dilution method with a neutralizer. We tested a total of 10 Enterococcus faecium strains. Four out of the 13 biocides tested were completely effective. These were agents with a higher concentration of aldehydes, with peracetic acid and active chlorine. We observed different efficacy in individual strains for...
|
|
|
The effect of sampling point on hygienically significant water indicators in natural bathing establishment
Zelinková, Myra ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Popovský, Jiří (referee)
In this diploma thesis, I deal with the influence of the sampling site on water quality in natural bathing lakes (Hostivar reservoir, Seberak pond and Vyzlovka pond) in this. I have established that hygienically significant kinds of phytoplankton may differ in terms of water quality especially where there are cyanobacteria constituting water bloom. Surface water bloom may be moved by wind to the lee side of the water body (Microcystis sp.). Aphanizomenon flos-aquae water bloom floating in water column can be affected by wind and by water flow (which may be partly affected by wind as well). With the prevailing fibrous Planktothrix agardhii which does not connstitute water bloom the concentration of chlorophyll-a and cyanobacterial cell abundance in individual sampling sites are similar although the concentration of chlorophyll-a a is about 200 g.l-1 . Microcystis sp. and Scenedesmus sp. survive under eutrophic conditions in competition. From the microbiological perspective, water quality can differ within a single sampling site in places at a distance of less than 100 m. Microbial contamination can be caused by bathers, water birds, farm animals and probably by the removing of microorganisms from sand, mud and sediments on the beach or shore. Rain episodes probably increase the abundance of E.coli...
|
|
|
Effect of vermicomposting on occurrence of enterococci and Salmonella sp.
Ifková, Sandra ; Hanč, Aleš (advisor) ; Petra, Petra (referee)
Diploma work focuses mainly on the influence of vermicomposting process, which should reduce the incidence of bacteria of family Enterococcus and bacteria of family of Salmonella spp. in the product. As these are among the famous and important human and animal pathogens there was an experiment done to prove this statement.
The experiment took 10 weeks. During the first 14 days (from 9th November 2015) there were samples (pomace of grape vine and apple pomace) taken in the research institute FAPPZ in Červený Újezd. The earthworms were taken form the materials and then taken to SZÚ in Prague with the material, where there was the preparation and analyses of the sample done.
The procedure of sample work was as following. 50g of homogenised material was placed into 48 perforated dishes. The material for the lab experiment was prepared from vermicompost (75%) and from the raw material (25%) so that there was enough nourishment for the earthworms for the duration of the trial. There were certain numbers of microorganisms stated (CPM) in this material. Salmonella reached the values of < 1 CFU/g as the initial substrate. Enterococci in the pomace from the grape vine with earthworms reached the values of 1,1.10 CFU/g, at pomace from the grape vine without earthworms < 750 CFU/g and at apple pomace the value was always < 750 CFU/g. The eathworms were placed upto the half of the glass (2,5g) 6 dishes were chosen from each material, 2 of them served as a check, 2 were inoculated enterococci and 2 with salmonella. There was always one out of 2 dishes placed with earthworms. After the filling there was inoculated of the examined microorganisms. Inoculated variants with enterococci were inoculated of 2.0.107 CFU/g and variants of salmonella by 1.1.108 CFU/g. After inoculated there was sand placed to the dish.
During 8 weeks in frequency of 14 days the chosen samples were taken for analyses. The first analyses was done 23rd November 2025, the 2nd analyses was done 7th December, 3rd analyses was done 21st December 2015 and the 4th analyses was done 4th January 2016. Before the analyses was done the eartworms were taken out of the dish, they were weighted then they vitality was stated.
It was proved there there isn´t any influence of earthworms on the reduction of pathogens according to the experiments. It is impossible to state that there is the influence of eartworms on the process of making compost. The reduction of pathogens was the highest at the family of Salmonella spp. There was obvious reduction at the second week of analyses and in both materials. Bacteria of the family Enterococcus showed slower process of reduction because of higher resistance to temperatures, pH, chemical substances and preparations. The absolute reduction was obvious the during the last week of the experiment.
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
EFFICIENCY OF ENTEROCOCAL AND THERMOTOLERANT COLIFORMING BACTERIA REMOVAL IN CONSTRUCTED WETLAND USED FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
FIŠEROVÁ, Alena
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have their origin in natural wetlands and they are used for a wastewater treatment as an alternative of the classical technology. In the Czech Republic are used only CW with subsurface horizontal flow with emergent macrophytes for the wastewater treatment. The efficiency of the enterococal and thermotolerant coliforming bacteria removal was followed in the CW in Slavošovice. In the regular intervals (2-6 weeks) from May 2006 to March 2007, wastewater was sampled at the inflow, after the mechanical pretreatment and at the outflow. The number of the enterococal and thermotolerant coliforming bacteria was calculated in the samples and the efficiency of the bacterial removal was evaluated during winter and summer seasons.
|
guest ::
