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Economic contexts of the Prague Spring 1968 and Šik´s reform
Stránský, Jan ; Stellner, František (advisor) ; Váňa, Daniel (referee)
Tato práce se zabývá vývojem československého hospodářství v padesátých a šedesátých letech 20. století z pohledu jejich vlivu na reformní hnutí v šedesátých letech. Z tohoto důvodu zkoumá etapy centralizace a militarizace národního hospodářství, ani krátká období reforem a konsolidace. Ze současného pohledu jsou nejvýznamnější právě etapy reforem, které se snažily v rámci rigidní, Sovětským svazem ovlivněné, hospodářské politiky zmírnit hospodářské problémy vyvolané militarizací ekonomiky. Proto je nedílnou součástí této práce také shrnutí teoretických východisek Šikovy reformy, která byla z hlediska změny hospodářské politiky nejhlubší. Práce se snaží navzájem konfrontovat pohled Oty Šika, jako jednoho z autorů reformy, s názory historiků a ekonomů, snaží se také o zhodnocení některých jejích kroků.
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Ekonomické efekty reformy Nového Zélandu
Varga, Peter ; Urban, Luděk (advisor) ; Chalupníček, Pavel (referee)
New Zealand has gone through remarkable reforms which have encompassed of wide range of government policies which have changed the incentives in private and public sector. This article tries to show the development of New Zealand economy before reform period, shows development of the reforms and tries to assess the economic effects of these reforms. First it analyses the effects in the primary sector, where it defines primary sector as itself and then analyses the incentives that have changed the sector output and conditions. Next the firm dynamics is being analysed as per the effects of the reforms. It is shown that first in some sectors the output proportion in GDP is lowering because of reforms were being made, later it shows this proportion to be rising again. Last, the view is made in effects analysis in labour market, where it has been found, that labour productivity is not growing enough, so the reforms were made too agresively. Next part of this article analyses macroeconomic effects such as public debt, which in brutto has been lowered through reforms to less than 30% of New Zealand GDP. First, inflation which was few years after reforms still in very high rates, but in 1990s it has been reduced well. And finaly the GDP growth itself, where it has been found out, that New Zealand has sacrifised a part of its GDP amount for agressive and fast reforms. Overlooking the period and its effects it has to be said that New Zealand has now a great market economy with transparent public sector, and the sacrifises were probably worth it.
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