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Healthy Living
Zhuravlyova, Yelena ; Koutný, Jan (referee) ; Peřinková, Martina (referee) ; Tušer, Jaroslav (referee) ; Urbášková, Hana (advisor)
Over the years, every major city turns into a knot of intractable problems: overpopulation, traffic jams, environmental degradation. Some countries make a faster conversion from an industrial development to an information growth phase, than the infrastructural changes take place. Therefore, environmental design and construction would not be short-termed, but rather will be the long-term targets for all the groups associated with the construction. The healthy living is one of the most important reasons to start a complicated long-term reconstruction of eco-cities. Successful ecological reconstitution requires a knowledge about already implemented exemplary solutions. For this purpose, the dissertation analyzes the basic ecological problems of settlements, analyzing the examples of approaches to improve the environmental performance of cities on the reference of foreign experience and creates criteria and principles for designing urban structures for healthy living in CR.
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Predikace druhového složení těžeben na základě biotopového mapování okolní krajiny: využití charakteristických druhů vyšších rostlin
SLABA, Michal
The surrounding habitats play an important role in the spontaneous vegetation succession in disturbed sites. They serve as donor sites for species colonizing various post-mining sites from the close surrounding. This diploma thesis deals with the species composition in post-mining sites and the surrounding habitats up to the 1 km distance from the locality. The results indicate, that basalt quarries share the largest amount of species with their surrounding habitats. The studied methods have got limited capability to predict the species composition of post-mining sites using only the knowledge about habitat types occurred in the surrounding. On the other hand, species composition of the surrounding habitats, defined by a selection of the representative relevés of the Czech National Phytosociological Database (CNFD), seems to be more promising approach. It could provide more precise results applied in ecological restoration of post-mining sites in the Czech Republic.
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Dry grassland restoration on a limestone quarry landfill using different sowing densities
Strušková, Eliška ; Kuťáková, Eliška (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Grassland restoration by sowing seeds of native species is one of the most commonly used methods of community restoration, especially in cases when conditions are not favourable for spontaneous succession, for example due to absence of a suitable seed source in the vicinity or introduction of unsuitable substrate. Although seeding is commonly used, there is still no consensus on what seeding densities are sufficient to restore the target community. The aim of this thesis is to assess the influence of seeding density on species composition of the restored xerotherm grassland on two different substrates in a limestone quarry in the Czech Karst during eight years from the beginning of the restoration. It also assesses the influence of the subsequent management of the site, specifically grazing. The results of this thesis show that the sowing density influences plant community composition and vegetation cover only in the first five to six years of the community development and only on the quarry substrate. On the ex-arable soil seeding density does not significantly affect the community composition. Plant community on this substrate is dominated by ruderal species. Grazing promotes vegetation development towards a community of dry grassland and suppresses non-target ruderal species. These findings can...
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Revitalisation of post-mining sites
Veselý, Martin ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
This work introduces and compares some basic facts about recultivation and alternative methods of restoration, such is revitalization and natural succession. Recultivation is the way of quick revegetation, but it's expensive and in many cases contraproductive considering biodiversity of recultivated sites. Whereas, approaches based on principles of ecological restoration have many positives. They can create much valuable landscape structures and ecosystems than recultivation, and they enhance biodiversity and conservation of rare species.
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Uranium mining, its impact on environment and recultivation
Peterková, Alena ; Malíček, Jiří (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
In past, the Czech Republic was one of the most important areas for mineral resources mining. In the period after the Second World War, the country was a very important conqueror of the uranium ore, thanks to a massive production of nuclear energy and nuclear weapons. However, in the 1980s, the interest in uranium declined and in the 1990s almost all of the uranium mines in the country were closed. Rožná was the last place of uranium mining, but it was closed in 2017. Nowadays, there are reclamation works in these mining places. Planning of a reclamation for is not always simply. It is necessary to think about the account of the method of extraction, which was used in the territory, the subsoil, distance from dwellings, underground water, fauna and flora of the surrounding nature etc. The land reclamations are often done in the wrong way and therefore, the extraordinary potential of the landscape is not exploited. People have a strong tendency to interfere this landscape, for example by supplying nutrients for creating of an intensive agricultural landscape. They often do not realize that the mining caused a change of abiotic conditions. The newly created habitats are often inhabited by rare and endangered organisms, living in early succession stages and missing in the surrounding landscape....
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Grassland restoration in abandoned quarries by sowing seed mixtures
Strušková, Eliška ; Kuťáková, Eliška (advisor) ; Knappová, Jana (referee)
There are many former or still active quarries in the Czech Republic that had disrupted the natural landscape. Under certain conditions, species-rich herbaceous communities can develop in abandoned quarries and these can also serve as a refuge for species that slowly disappear from our landscape due to human activity. In order to create suitable conditions for establishing valuable habitats, it is necessary to choose thoroughly the method of recultivation. Since abandoned quarries are frequently isolated from natural seed resources, sowing of regional mixtures is one of possibilities of recultivation. This bachelor thesis deals with all the steps of this method of recultivation, from the importance of seed origin and their composition in a mixture, through the method of seed collection, methods of sowing, to the combination of seed sowing with the other approaches supporting recultivaton. Keywords: recultivation, abandonded quarries, ecological restoration, seed sowing, semi-natural vegetation
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Approaches to abandoned quarry reclamation
Müller, Tomáš ; Kuťáková, Eliška (advisor) ; Veselý, Adam (referee)
The disruption of open landscape goes in hand with mining operations. Continuous growth of such disturbed areas, both in numbers and coverage, puts ever increasing pressure on attempts of their reintegration back to the landscape. Different methods and approaches that allow this exist, commonly related to as reclamation. The two main ones are technical reclamation and ecological restoration. This thesis will: 1) introduce individual steps required to be taken in an abandoned quarry in order, to achieve previously defined goals, 2) compare individual methods that are in use today, and 3) explore the potential of abandoned quarries in the context of open landscape. Keywords: reclamation, abandoned quarries, limestone, restoration ecology, succession
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Uranium mining, its impact on environment and recultivation
Peterková, Alena ; Malíček, Jiří (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
In past, the Czech Republic was one of the most important areas for mineral resources mining. In the period after the Second World War, the country was a very important conqueror of the uranium ore, thanks to a massive production of nuclear energy and nuclear weapons. However, in the 1980s, the interest in uranium declined and in the 1990s almost all of the uranium mines in the country were closed. Rožná was the last place of uranium mining, but it was closed in 2017. Nowadays, there are reclamation works in these mining places. Planning of a reclamation for is not always simply. It is necessary to think about the account of the method of extraction, which was used in the territory, the subsoil, distance from dwellings, underground water, fauna and flora of the surrounding nature etc. The land reclamations are often done in the wrong way and therefore, the extraordinary potential of the landscape is not exploited. People have a strong tendency to interfere this landscape, for example by supplying nutrients for creating of an intensive agricultural landscape. They often do not realize that the mining caused a change of abiotic conditions. The newly created habitats are often inhabited by rare and endangered organisms, living in early succession stages and missing in the surrounding landscape....
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Revitalisation of post-mining sites
Veselý, Martin ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee) ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor)
This work introduces and compares some basic facts about recultivation and alternative methods of restoration, such is revitalization and natural succession. Recultivation is the way of quick revegetation, but it's expensive and in many cases contraproductive considering biodiversity of recultivated sites. Whereas, approaches based on principles of ecological restoration have many positives. They can create much valuable landscape structures and ecosystems than recultivation, and they enhance biodiversity and conservation of rare species.
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The posibilities of a landscape restoration after send mining
Vernerová, Marie ; Vacek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Havlová, Martina (referee)
This thesis deals with the possibilities of a reclamation after sand and gravel surface minig. It is based on our knowledge of the mining activities effects on the landscape and landscape character. The impacts of mining can be seen in all levels of the landscape structure. Minig activities affects geomorphic components of the landscape as well as a land use and landscape character. The most significant changes occure as a result of an extraction of send and gravel from the wather. As a reasult of mining huge lakes appear in those areas. This brings a change of landscape character and a land use. The second used method of surface mining is a dry extraction. The review of the reclamation possibilities in the Czech Republic is aso based on law in area of mining understanding. Studied literature divides reclamation techniques into two groups. The first group is composed of a traditional reclamation, which are agricultural, forest and hydric reclamation. The second group consists of ecological restoration tools - natural and managed succession and management tools.
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