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Vztah efektivní míry zdanění příjmů fyzických osob a politicko-ekonomického cyklu v ČR
Pavlíčková, Tereza
The bachelor thesis describes the relationship between the political business cy-cle and the effective tax rate of individuals in the Czech Republic from 1993 to 2015. The aim of this thesis is to create a model specifying this relationship. The theoretical part describes the approaches to modeling the political business cycle, the current way of taxing income and its development, including social and health insurance contributions. The practical part of the thesis is consisted on an econ-ometric model which is based on calculations of effective tax rates for model tax-payers and date of parliamentary elections. The model describes the relationship between the first differences of effective tax rates and the date of parliamentary elections, which is assessed in terms of possible occurrence of the political-economic cycle.
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Taxation of income from employment
Křížová, Alžběta ; Karfíková, Marie (advisor) ; Vybíral, Roman (referee)
Taxation of income from employment This diploma thesis deals with the system of taxation of income tax. First part of this work describes important terms necessary for understanding the tax system. Systematically at first I describe the term of tax, than I describe the structural elements of tax, income tax in general and after that I can describe the taxation of income from employment. This thesis tries to comprehensively deal with all institutes, whose knowledge is important for the right calculation of the tax and the right tax payment. Considerable space in this work dedicates to the tax base and the effective tax rate. After describing what I have mentioned above, this thesis aims to assess the tax system and think about some other solutions. This thesis comes with a specific proposal in the area of defining the tax base. The conclusion of this thesis is that the tax system is very complicated. If we would like to make it easier, it is necessary to ask ourselves what should be the goal of the changes. Whether the result should be the same tax revenue, covered by the system complexity, simplifying the system and lower tax revenue, or maintaining the current tax revenue and sincere effort to simplify the system. Furthermore the thesis points out the fact, that schools should include some basic tax...
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Social aspects in the Czech tax system
Aubrechtová, Markéta ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Vebrová, Ludmila (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the tax reliefs, focusing on direct taxes in the Czech Republic. First, I have chosen those tax reliefs that have a social element. The thesis deals with their evolution and their comparison with other countries. Furthermore, the thesis examines the tax reliefs in more detail in terms of their objectives, utilization, and efficiency conditions. This is achieved with using various tax load indicators and effective taxation, comparing costs and additionally also the views of experts. Generally, however, this issue lacks a comprehensive study and analysis, and thus also the particular data. Tax reliefs along with social benefits constitute a redistribution system. Their costs and impacts are different. At the beginning of the writing of this thesis, I thought that the tax system should primarily be transparent, simple, focusing on its primary fiscal function and should therefore be free of social politics. I have, however, changed my opinion, because it has turned out that the social tax elements have their positive specifics that are difficult and expensive to transport to the system of direct benefits.
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