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Magic in the period of Judaism of the second temple and early Christianity
Nezmar, Daniel ; Lukeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Biernot, David (referee)
Magic in the period of Judaism of the second temple and early Christianity Abstract The presented work focuses on the history of esotericism in the period of the Second Temple of Judaism and early Christianity, and shows the cultural intersections of magical and religious communities as well as individuals who have studied the art of magic. It points out the main sources of their magical and religious teachings and the origin of magic and magical thinking. It traces the main roots of both religion and magic and describes the development of magical practices in that specifical period of the time. Furthermore, after a small analysis, a comparison is made of the five basic cultures living in the territory of the "fertile crescent" just at the time of the Second Temple and their magic. There is also a detailed discussion on the field of demonology and some personalities of the time who were obviously dealing with magic. The first part describes all of the available magical disciplines and techniques that a mortal can come into contact with during the Second Temple in the region known as "Fertile Crescent". All the disciplines I mention in my work were already known at the time of the Second Temple, but some of them were not that developed, so they were expanded or were elaborated on in a later period. A...
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Magic in the period of Judaism of the second temple and early Christianity
Nezmar, Daniel ; Lukeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Biernot, David (referee)
Magic in the period of Judaism of the second temple and early Christianity Abstract The presented work focuses on the history of esotericism in the period of the Second Temple of Judaism and early Christianity, and shows the cultural intersections of magical and religious communities as well as individuals who have studied the art of magic. It points out the main sources of their magical and religious teachings and the origin of magic and magical thinking. It traces the main roots of both religion and magic and describes the development of magical practices in that specifical period of the time. Furthermore, after a small analysis, a comparison is made of the five basic cultures living in the territory of the "fertile crescent" just at the time of the Second Temple and their magic. There is also a detailed discussion on the field of demonology and some personalities of the time who were obviously dealing with magic and also how the magic circle of protection was blessed and magicaly activated. The first part describes all of the available magical disciplines and techniques that a mortal can come into contact with during the Second Temple in the region known as "Fertile Crescent". All the disciplines I mention in my work were already known at the time of the Second Temple, but some of them were not that...
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The Message of the book of Haggai
Holý, Jiří ; Beneš, Jiří (advisor) ; Roubalová, Marie (referee)
The Message of book of Haggai Abstract of Diploma thesis This Diploma thesis deals with message of book of Haggai, uses two original Sources: hebrew text (Tanak) and Greek text (Septuagint). Each of the original text is translated into czech in the context of exegesis research. Both exegeses are constructed verse by verse. This thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter one focuses on the message of book of Haggai in Tanach, chapter two in Septuagint. Chapter three compares results of both exegeses. The last chapter of this thesis tracks the history of interpretations, i. e. results of selected interpreters: Jan Calvin and others from 19th, 20th and 21st century in the Europe and the USA. Commentaries of book of Haggai do not reflect everything, Author of this thesis reacts on it in last chapter (on the basis of both exegeses). This is the benefit of this thesis. God's message to his people is the most important message of book of Haggai. Most theologians of the Old Testament claim, that God's intention was new Temple in Jerusalem (i.e. Second Temple). The results of this Diploma thesis coincide with the results of Czech theologian Jiří Beneš (2006): God's word about the Temple is the metaphor, the Temple is God's people. God's intention is repented of the heart. The message of book of Haggai coincide...
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Israel's Tradition and Helenization at the Time of Re-consecration of the Second Temple
Tlustošová, Adéla ; Ondrejičková, Sylva (advisor) ; Větrovec, Pavel (referee)
Traditions of Israel and Hellenization in the era of the re-consecration of the Second Temple. My bachelor degree thesis focuses on the theme of Hanukkah, the feast anchored in Israel's history. Mainly, I deal with the period in which a miracle occurred during the re- consecration of the second Temple. This story can be found in the deuterocanonical books of the Old Testament, in the books of Maccabees, and later also in the interpretation of Antiquities of the Jews by Josephus Flavius. This thesis discusses the historical and cultural context of the time in Judea which preceded the re-consecration. It analyses the relationship between the forcible Hellenization of Judea and the subsequent Maccabean uprising, which was a response to the ever-worsening living conditions of the Jews. The Jews were striving for freedom that had been denied to them by Seleucid rulers, for religious freedom, and ultimately for political freedom as well. In the second half of my thesis, I acquaint the reader with the re-consecration of the Temple, miraculously connected with important rulings adopted by the assembly of Israel. Since that time on, this feast has reminded annually the loyalty of the Jews and examples of martyrs that will even in the future strengthen the value of scarifying one's life for the faith in the Lord in...
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The Narrowness of the Jewish World in the <> Encyclical of James in the Context of Political and Religious Conflicts of the Second Temple Period
Tarasenko, Olexandr ; Lášek, Jan Blahoslav (advisor) ; Pokorný, Petr (referee) ; Ábel, František (referee)
This dissertation explores the value system held by the author of the Epistle of James. Most likely, this interesting Epistle of a former Galilean peasant is a collection of his sermons or discourses gathered and edited by one of his followers. The Epistle does not relate to any specific problems of concrete communities or persons and, therefore, it may be viewed as an encyclical letter. The author's main tone is: «you must act in this way and only this way». Therefore this document is a type of «halakhah», a literary form used by the sages of Israel before the Common Era. «Halakhah», as well as the Greek literary form paraenesis, does not imply any discussion of the material, but rather calls the readers to submission. The author of this «halakhic» encyclical shifts the attention of his readers from their realities to his idealistic world. He omits many aspects of Second-Temple-Period Jewish life, focusing his attention instead on the rules of spiritual life common for both Judeans and Christians. This focus explains why the Epistle has only two brief and indirect references to Jesus Christ, who as the hero surprisingly does not play a distinctive role. for several reasons the Messiah is replaced by famous characters from the Tanakh (i. e., Abraham, Rahab, Job, and Elijah) as being the best examples for...
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