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Dietary measures in gastroesophageal reflux disease
Thiel, Simona ; Maruna, Pavel (advisor) ; Horák, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on dietary measures in gastroesophageal reflux disease. The main aim was to investigate the adherence to recommended dietary measures aimed at reducing the frequency of unpleasant symptoms accompanying this disease. In some cases, dietary measures may help to completely eliminate the symptoms. The hypothesis is that patients with reflux disease do not adhere to these measures. A secondary aim was to test the effectiveness of dietary measures in patients who faithfully follow them. By means of a questionnaire survey, a total of 33 patients were asked primarily about their adherence to dietary and regimen measures, as well as about the nature of their complaints and the level of their quality of life. The results show that almost 70% of patients do not currently follow any dietary measures. On the contrary, patients following a diet showed an improvement in symptoms (reduction in the number of reflux episodes), and some individuals even had no symptoms. Finally, some recommendations that may contribute to the improvement of this issue are described. Keywords: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Dietary Measures, Nutrition, Proton Pump Inhibitors
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Nutritional value for foods in care facilities
KOHOUTOVÁ, Monika
The objective of the thesis was to assess whether catering provided by the given facility has sufficient nutritional value and variety for the respondents, and to determine if catering is accommodated to the health conditions of respondents from the viewpoint of meal consistency and dietary measures. The research applied was a mixed one. Data was acquired using semi-structured interviews, measuring bodily temperature, mass, and height, seven-day records of catering and menus provided by the facility. The research was joined by seven seniors residing in apartments with caretaking services and receiving lunches from a specific facility (a home for seniors). Results of the research point to the fact that when the respondents eat the entire lunch (with regard to what percentage their lunch makes out of their total energy intake) most of the lunches contain excessive energy, protein, and fat values. Significant differences were fond in the content of carbohydrates. It is impossible to affirm that lunches with a certain quantity of carbohydrates prevail in the majority of respondents' lunches. As lunches should form 35% of the total energy intake, they mostly contained an excessive share of energy, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. If the respondents halve the lunches into to portions, the majority of lunches contain an insufficient quantity of energy, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. As regards the degree of variety, lunches usually include broths. Pork meat prevailed in main courses. Sides were often changed. Fried meals were served often. Sweet meals were served more than vegetarian lunches. The variety lacked namely in fish, pulses, fruit, and vegetables. Results achieved imply that respondents prefer meals in the original consistency and do not need any adjustment. It was further found that all of the respondents consume common meals despite dietary measures being indicated for three of the respondents. The results of the thesis may be utilized as an informative source for both lay and professional public.
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Dietary habits of children from age 6 to 12 suffering from diabetes mellitus type 1
ŠUBOVÁ, Aneta
This bachelor's thesis I focuses on the topic of Dietary habits of children from age 6 to 12 suffering from diabetes mellitus type 1. It is based around this group of children because they will be living with diabetes their whole life and as they are getting more independent at this age, it is necessary to teach them as much as possible. The theoretical part of this thesis includes the description of diabetes mellitus itself. Then it focuses on type 1 diabetes only because this type occurs amongst children the most. The theoretical part then contains information about how to prevent type 1 diabetes, how to diagnose it, what complications can occur and possible treatments. There is also an in-depth description of proper eating habits of people suffering from this disease. The end of the theoretical part is dedicated to characterization of 'young school age', dieting of young children and school catering. Aims of this bachelor's thesis were: to map eating habits of children with diabetes mellitus type 1, to compare them to eating habits of healthy children and to map physical activity of children suffering from diabetes. The research involved 10 children - half of them suffering from type 1 diabetes, the other half were healthy children. Data were obtained in an interview, through a survey and by listing the food intake. It appears that children suffering from type 1 diabetes tend to have more variety in their diet, they consume some kind of food (e.g. vegetables and fruit) more often and they also have higher fiber intake than healthy children. Analysing the food intake revealed lower average intake of fats and energy amongst children who suffer from diabetes. The amount of fats consumed by children with diabetes corresponded with recommendations. But, according to recommendations, energy intake was not correct in either one of these groups of children.
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The issue of nutrition of patients with diabetes mellitus.
HOLUBOVÁ, Tereza
The topic of the bachelor thesis is the issue of nutrition of patients with diabetes mellitus. The theoretical part described the disease diabetes mellitus. It is a lifetime disease that manifests itself by increased blood sugar levels. In case, diabetes is not trated, there is creation and development od other health issues. It focuses on the tratments goals which includes diabetic nutrition, diet and physical activity. The final text dealt with diabetic education which delas with the transfer of information and pracical skills. The practical part is based on a qualitative research survey, which is processed by the technique of semi-structured interview. The interviews are carried out with respondents who suffer from diabetes mellitus. The aim of the practical part was to find out what is the problem of nutrition in patients with diabetes mellitus. The results showed that although most diabetics try to follow nutritional recommendations provided by nurse and doctor, there are number of diabetics who do not follow the recommendations. It turned out that the main reasons include inappropriate eating, in which sweet and fatty products are included in the diet, as well as insufficient planning which leads to irregular food consumption and unnecessary overeating. Other reasons based on research are the financial demands of healthy and good-quality ingredients and unfamiliarity of the balanced content of all ingredients in the diet. Interviews with respondents revealed that the most common way for nurses to inform about proper nutrition is with the help on educational brochures and leaflets. Pacients were dissatisfied with the way the informations were handed down due to a lack of individualisation and the short time devoted to them. The results of the bachelor's thesis could contribute to facilitate the orientation of the nutritional recommendations of a patient with diabetes mellitus and at the same time point out the main obstacles to adherence to diabetic nutrition.
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Nutrition of dialysis patient
BOHÁČOVÁ, Kristýna
Bachelor thesis "The Diet of Dialyzed Patients" deals with the nutrition of patients, who regularly receive the dialysis treatment. The aim of this work is to map the awareness of a diet regime and patients' compliance with it. The theoretical part describes the anatomy and physiology of kidneys, then it mentions the kidney failure and the elimination methods. Most of the space in this part is given to the nutrition, where the basic nutrients, vitamins and minerals are described. Their amount is specific for the dialyzed patients. The end of this part is aimed at suitable and unsuitable foodstuffs for dialyzed patients. The practical part uses the quantitative method of structured questionnaire, which contains 34 questions. 30 respondents, who regularly receive the dialysis treatment, participated in it. The results of the research showed that 17 out of 30 patients adhere to the diet measures for dialyzed patients. 57% is not a satisfying result given the availability of the education nowadays. The reason for this result might be that the respondents were not informed about the diet regime from a nutritional therapist. The work suggests the presence of a nutritional therapist for regular check-ups and so-called big blood samples that are done once a month to check the amount of minerals and other substances. Nutritional therapist could then decide, which substances are abundant or deficient, and they could then suggest an adjustment of the patient's diet.
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Hypertension and it´s conection to a healthy lifestyle
DOUBRAVOVÁ, Kristýna
I have chosen hypertension and its connection with healthy lifestyle as the topic of my Bachelor thesis. Today, there is an increasing occurrence of lifestyle diseases that we mostly induce ourselves by our inappropriate lifestyle. In the developed world, a half of all deaths is caused by cardiovascular diseases where hypertension falls as a kind of warning signal of other lifestyle diseases. Appropriate lifestyle mostly comprises appropriate regimen, especially nourishment, as well as physical activity, enough sleep and stress elimination. In the Bachelor thesis, I used three goals of which the first one was to try to map following the principles of healthy lifestyle in patients suffering from hypertension. The second goal of the work was to assess 7-day diets and the last one was to inform about the importance and principles of healthy lifestyle as a preventive measure against the emergence of hypertension by means of the creation of an educational material. The theoretical part of the work is divided into two main chapters. The first one focuses on hypertension and summarizes the present state of the given problems, their definitions, classification, consequences and treatment. The second part deals with healthy lifestyle and negative factors of healthy lifestyle that lead to the emergence of hypertension. The practical part took place in the University Hospital Hradec Králové at the Department of Emergency Medicine in the outpatient department treating hypertension. I considered 140/90 mm Hg and higher to be a pathological value of blood pressure. The research file finally comprised 18 patients who brought their 7-day diets to the ambulance. The research was divided into two parts. For the first part of the research, a questionnaire method was chosen, aiming at dietary habits, physical activity and the knowledge the patients had about hypertension and prevention. In the second part, 6 patients were chosen by means of a simple random choice and their diets were analysed and assessed using nutrition software Nutriservis Professional. The assessment of the diets inquired if patients exceed their optimal daily energy intake, have enough all essential nutrients, what amount of sodium there is in their diets and if they follow the principles of rational nutrition. It followed form the questionnaire that patients are aware of their disease and prevention. As for their dietary habits, water intake and physical activity, the results were not that unambiguous for us to say that all patients follow the principles of healthy lifestyle. A food frequency questionnaire pointed out that patients suffering from hypertension consume food higher in salt than fats. It followed from the mapped diets that only two patients try to eat in accordance with the principles of rational nourishment, yet their diet exceeded the dietary reference intake of salt and fats. There even was a female patient at a great risk of malnutrition and another one had a completely inappropriate diet. As for the calculated diets, none of the patients follows the dietary principles related to hypertension and there are only two of them who try to do so as was stated above. Thanks to the creation of the educational material, the work can serve the public as a source of basic information. It can draw attention to the importance and beneficial effect of healthy lifestyle as a result of slowing down the development and emergence of lifestyle diseases.
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Nutrition during cholelithiasis
KAMBOVÁ, Karolína
Cholelithiasis, also called gallstones, is a disease with increasing prevalence for which diet loses significance. However it has an important role for preventive measures in meaning of health complications. The goal of my bachelor thesis with the theme "Nutrition during cholelithiasis" is mapping eating habits of patients before and especially after cholecystectomy. I also focus on changes after diagnosis and its effects on patients'current eating habits compared to their previous eating habits. In the thesis is detected which nutriments have negative influence on the patient the most and which complications are connected to it. For my thesis was utilized quality research form in which I focused on smaller number of respondents. During the research were used two methods of data collection. The first one contained received table created by me into which patients recorded daily food intakes. The second method was in the form of a questionnaire combined with an interview which undergone all 8 addressed respondents. During the thesis was found out how patients' eating habits differ in real life compared to the recommended diet created for specific disease. I tried to emphasise the need of individual approach to each patient with cholelithiasis or with oncoming cholecystectomy. I found out that most of those patients are adjusting their eating habits but not all of them limit the same kind of food. As I mentioned earlier the individuality of respondents plays its part. However we can say that the majority is trying to limit income of fats, fat meals, spicy food and spices.
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Evaluation of animal fat consumption of patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus
Šťovíčková, Jana ; Vrablík, Michal (advisor) ; Šnejdrlová, Michaela (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on animal fat consumption of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Content of thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The main objective of theoretical part is to provide a general description of lipids in terms of distribution, structure, characteristics and their role in human organism. In the following chapters metabolism and transport of lipids is described with more attention to details. The last part of theoretical part deals with animal fats in nutrition, mostly risk factors as a consequence of their increased consumption, and dietary measures as a prevention and therapy of CVD and DM. The practical part of bachelor's thesis is based on assessment survey. The object of this survey was the evaluation of eating habits, mainly the measure of animal fats consumption of patients with CVD and DM. Next object of interest was the evaluation of awareness, knowledge and education these patients have about dietary measures in relation to their disease. Question about the way how are these measures followed by patients was also examined. The survey was conducted in the diabetological center and also in the centre of preventive cardiology of General Teaching Hospital in Prague on patients with CVD and DM. Key words: lipids,...
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The Rules of a Healthy Diet and the Dietary Measures for Dealing with Relapsing Infections of the Urinary Tract and Kidneys.
VYSKOČILOVÁ, Andrea
The theoretical part of the thesis presents the current knowledge about functional anatomy and pathology of kidneys and the urinary tract, infections of the urinary tract, their etiopathogenesis, epidemiology and classification. The thesis also describes the issue of the diet therapy in nephrology, namely the general principles of dietary measures, a diet to deal with acute and chronic infections, and prevention through diet. The practical part deals with a quantitative research. The data were collected by the method of inquiring, using a technique of questionnaires. The research results show whether the respondents, i.e. patients suffering from relapsing infections of the urinary tract, are aware of the appropriate dietary regimen and of the fluid intake, suitable and unsuitable kinds of fluids, as well as the diet composition and the meals that are recommended for exclusion from the diet. The data obtained in the actual research demonstrated insufficient knowledge of patients suffering from infections of the urinary tract about dietary measures, and disconfirmed the main hypothesis.
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