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Psychosocial problematics of dialysis patients
Majková, Anna ; Ondrušová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Válková, Monika (referee)
MAJKOVA, Anna. Psychosocial problematice of dialysis patients. Prague 2023. Bachelor thesis. Charles University in Prague. Faculty of Hussite Theology. Department of Psychosocial Sciences and Ethics. Thesis supervisor MUDr. Jirina Ondrusova, PhD. The bachelor thesis deals with psychosocial problems of dialysis patients. The theoretical part describes the function and failure of kidneys, treatment options for CKD - hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and transplantation. It also discusses the quality of life of dialysis patients, its dimensions, factors that influence it and its measurement. The fourth chapter describes the psychological and social aspects faced by CKD patients. The last chapter describes palliative care in CKD patients, its types, psychological and ethical aspects, and social work. In the practical part, I chose a qualitative method to collect data using a semi-structured interview. The aim is to describe the psychosocial issues of dialysis patients and to find out to what extent dialysis affects quality of life.
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The Specifics of the nursing care in catering for long- term dialysis patients
ŠRÁMEK, Kamil
Haemodialysis is a method of removing waste substances such as potassium, urea and excess water from the blood during renal failure. Hemodialysis is one of three renal replacement therapies. Other treatments are a kidney transplant and peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis can be performed either in the hemodialysis center, or in a hospital, but home hemodialysis is not too frequent. Eating for dialysis patients differs significantly from the forward dialysis diet period. A well balanced diet is the foundation of everything. The patient may neither be malnourished, nor to have surplus of any components in their diet. A diet for patients in dialysis program must meet two basic requirements; the diet must provide enough energy and substances needed by the body mainly amino acids required for the production of protein, calcium, vitamins, iron, restrict certain substances that accumulate in the body is harmful, for example, fluid restriction, excess protein from which the formation of urea, excess phosphorus, which accelerated calcification of blood vessels, excess potassium, which at high levels in the blood can cause heart rhythm disturbances. Qualitative research was carried out by interview. The interview contained a total of twenty semi-structured questions and was prepared in advance. Each interview was anonymous and each respondent had the opportunity to refuse it. With the consent of the respondent and the ward nurse, the interview was recorded on a tape recorder and later adapted into an electronic form, which became the basis for the research. From the research arose categories. Qualitative research file conducted in hospitals Prachatice, České Budějovice and Třebíč. The research sample consisted of five respondents in the Nemocnice Prachatice a. s. Another research sample consisted of five respondents in Nemocnice Třebíč and two respondents in the Nemocnice České Budějovice a. s. All respondents were patients who regularly attend to hemodialysis centers in these cities. Interviews with respondents were conducted from February to April 2014. In the Nemocnice České Budějovice a. s. the research survey was conducted with the consent of the Deputy for nursing care, Mgr. Kyselová. In Nemocnice Prachatice a. s. the research survey was conducted with the consent of the head nurse in the hospital Janoušková and in the Nemocnice Třebíč the research was conducted with the consent of the Deputy for nursing care Mgr. Andělová. The results of the survey provide mapping meals in the hospital for long-term dialysis patients. The benefits of the research will be to develop an information leaflet on the topic: The importance of catering for dialysis patients.
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The influence of stress in dialyzed patients of the level and role the nurse in this issue
JANOUŠKOVÁ, Jaroslava
Stress and stressful situations influence us throughout our whole lives. Great and longterm stress can cause many health complications. Dialysis alone is a great stress in dialyzed patients. To every day stress causing agents a number of restrictions is added in connection with dialysis. Especially the change of lifestyle has an impact on private life and the life of the whole family. Dialyzed patients suffer from an increased level of stress permanently. The nurse plays in important role in these situations as she gets in close contact with the patient. She can by means of communication and her attitude influence the process of treatment and the quality of the patient's life. The main goal of the research survey was to determine the influence of stress in dialyzed patients, what role the nurse plays in this issue, the importance of her attitude to dialyzed patients and whether the stress has also an impact on nurses. Qualitative research method was applied. Non-standardized interview with randomly chosen patients and nurses from the same hemodialysis center. The interviews were prepared in case reports. The research has shown that dialysis is a stress for patients and it influences to a certain degree their private lives as it has become an indispensable part of their lives for a long time. The quality of life of dialyzed patients is influenced not only by the process of treatment but also the family background and the attitude of nurses. A nurse is considered by most patients indispensable. The nurses are, according to patients, compliant, emphatic and sensitive. The research has further shown that nurses working with these patients are also influenced by their stress. Patients tend to pass their problems they do not what to deal with on their own on nurses and they expect help, which is an enormous stress on nurses as they realize dialysis is for these patients a lifelong issue. In order to provide quality care for dialyzed patients, it is necessary nurses stay emotionally uninvolved and still maintain a good feeling from a well done work. A self-possessed nurse can help a patient more that a workplace with top equipment and the best experts.
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