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Validita systému bonitovaných pôdno-ekologických jednotiek a legislatívne dôsledky jeho aktualizácie
Filková, Natália
Soil crediting in the Czech Republic is based on so-called land boned soil-ecological units (BPEJ), this unit serves to evaluate both absolute and relative production capacity of agricultural land. The thesis points out the need to update this system, caused mainly by climate change, which causes the shift of the existing climate regions but also the emergence of new (not yet classified) climate regions. These changes have a direct impact on soil production capacity. In the thesis there is an overview of legal regulations that are influenced by the system of certified soil-ecological units (BPEJ).
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Udržitelné využívání půdního fondu ČR k podpoře potravinové a environmentální bezpečnosti
Szturc, Jan
This dissertation is dedicated to the issues of agricultural soil sealing and assessing erosion processes in the South Moravian region. The research uses statistical, raster and vector data. All data was processed and assessed using the methods of mathematical statistics. ArcGIS methods and approaches were used to process data, create mapping outputs and compare information on agricultural soil sealing and the threat of erosion. The results suggest that considerably large expanses, given the sizes of the locations under scrutiny, were sealed in all locations between the year 1824 and the present day (2016) (for instance Modřice – 396 ha). Assessing the erosion threat, it was ascertained that the worst situation arises when calculating the present erosion (Starovice – 14.19 t/ha/year). Should these soil degradation tendencies persist, we can anticipate a huge decline in agricultural soil in future associated with potential sustainable agriculture issues and theoretically also problems associated with a lack of food resources.
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Assessment health/quality of the soil near the village Bohaté Málkovice
Suchá, Kateřina ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Diploma thesis evaluates quality and healthiness of the soil health located close to Bohate Malkovice focusing on changes in both physical and chemical characteristics of the soil in time. The theoretical part describes physical, chemical, and biological parameters of the soil. Selected physical parameters are structure, texture, determination of measured weight, bulk density of the soil, porosity, actual volumetric water content of the soil, aeration, saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, infiltration, and colour. Chosen chemical parameters are pH, carbonates, soil electrical conductivity, and humus content. Picked biological parameters are microbial biomass, respiration, nitrogen content, and weed infestation. The practical part analyses selected indicators of quality of the soil from the location of the experiment close to Bohate Malkovice. The area under evaluation has been treated using reduced tillage for long term. The practical part is based on the laboratory examination of disturbed and undisturbed soil samples taken between years 2016 and 2018. Based on outcome results we can evaluate the quality of the soil considering plants growth, development, and soil fertility.
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Degradace půdy v zemích Magrebu a migrace
Mikulčíková, Šárka
The bachelor thesis is focused on environmental migration caused by land degradation in the Maghreb region. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the impacts of land degradation based on economic, political and agricultural indicators. There were stated three hypotheses and their verity was either proved or disproved according to the corre-lation analysis. In the theoretical part of this bachelor thesis are defined terms relating to the environmental migration and causes of the land degradation in North Africa. The practical part is focused on characterization and comparison of countries in the Maghreb region based on the correlation analysis. As a conclusion there are interpreted the results and suggested possible solutions.
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Návrh ochrany půdy před vodní erozí v katastrálním území Stanislavice
Glac, Mateusz
Erosion is a global problem, which threatens one of the most valuable natural riches of the world, the soil. Erosion is a natural process that has been existing since the very be-ginning; this process is characterized by eroding the soil surface, transporting the soil particles, and the subsequent sedimentation of these particles. In its natural form, ero-sion does not present a big problem, since there are small losses of soil particles, which are sufficiently completed by newly formed particles from the subsoil. The real problem is identified in accelerated erosion which is caused by environment unfriendly human intervention in nature and landscape. In the Czech Republic, around 50 % of arable land is exposed to water erosion. In most cases, it is still a consequence of the collective farming period, when bounds, hedgerows or alleys were ploughed. It is important to be aware of the fact that this situ-ation is not viable for a long period and that it needs solution. The submitted thesis that is divided into two parts focuses on the matter of water erosion in the cadastral area of Stanislavice. The first part, which is theoretical, deals with a review of literature that generally discusses the concept of erosion, its division, causes, consequences, and possible anti-erosion measures. The second part is related to the practice and it is particularly linked to the erosion issue in the cadastral area of Stani-slavice. It also involves an analysis of the current situation and conditions in the cadas-tral area of Stanislavice, using the Wischmeier-Smith equation that defines the degree of land erosion risks. In the conclusion, appropriate erosion control measures are designed in order to diminish the erosion rate.
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Impact of uncoventional technologies of soil cultivation on soil quality
Suchá, Kateřina ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Agricultural land is being handled by various tillage of soil which affects properties of soil. There are two types of tillage treatment. These are conventional (classic) tillage with plowing and minimization tillage (plowing is excluded). The aim of this particular work is to assess the quality of the soil near the village of Bohaté Málkovice, which is being (long-term) handled by minimization tillage. As indicators of soil quality, we used selected physical and physico-chemical characteristics, which are determined from analysis of disturbed and undisturbed soil samples from the top soil layer (0-10 cm) by standard methods in laboratory conditions. The theoretical part describes the basic physical properties of the soil and the ways of their determination. The practical part is devoted to the presentation of the examined locality and the results of selected physical and physico-chemical properties of the soil are presented and subsequently evaluated. In the conclusion, the impact of used tillage in Bohaté Málkovice on the selected soil properties is assessed.
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The effect of soil structure on the hydraulic characteristics of the soil
Čermák, Petr ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Soil is very important in the hydrological cycle of landscape. The retention and storage ability depends on the quality, type of structure and other properties of the soil. The retention ability of soil is determined by gravitational pores (the coarsest pores), which are drained off after filling the water. The accumulation depends on the capillary pores in which water is bounded by capillary forces. The soil works also as a filter´s environment which cleans naturally the water. This process can be also converse, when various substances are released from soil to water. The state and amount of water between the surface of soil and level of groundwater affect many important processes such as fertility of soil, drain from drainage area, supply of groundwater sources and others. Structure of soil changes fundamentally by cultivation of soil and types of farming crops. Aggregates are mechanical destructed by weather conditions and soil gradually loses its good qualities, fertility is reducing and flood protection is decreasing. This fact can be avoided by right choice of crops and the type of tillage soil.
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