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Spectral computed tomography: comparison of real and virtual nativ images
Širůčková, Kateřina ; Bartušek, Karel (referee) ; Marcoň, Petr (advisor)
Advanced X-ray medical diagnostic methods massively increase the radiation exposure of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the reduction of radiation and its stochastic and deterministic effects. This project compares real native images TNC with virtual native images VNC. Virtual native images are acquired by spectral computed tomography method and it is suggested that VNC could potentially substitute real native images, thereby, the total radiation dose from multiphase spectral CT would decrease. A comparison was performed by defining certain parameters that represented the differentiation of the measured and calculated values in the images. The parameters were SNR, CNR, absolute difference, relative error and they were analysed by statistical tests using p-value and correlation analysis. Another output is a database of patients with compared parameters from real and virtual native images.
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USER HABITS METAMPHETAMINE USERS
Plaček, Jan ; Minařík, Jakub (advisor) ; Gabrhelík, Roman (referee)
1 Univerzita Karlova v Praze 1. lékařská fakulta Studijní program: Specializace ve zdravotnictví Studijní obor: Adiktologie ID studijního oboru: B5345 Jan Plaček Uživatelské zvyklosti uživatele pervitinu User habits of methamphetamine addicts Bakalářská práce Vedoucí závěrečné práce: MUDr. Jakub Minařík Praha 2016 2 Summary The author sets "to map user's habits (frequency and dose) of methamphetamine users, including such addictive substances combined with the primary addictive substance" as aim of this work. The work is divided into two parts - theoretical (Chapter 1) and practical (Chapter 3 - 6). The theoretical part explores methamphetamine - what is it, history, effects, number of users. The second part consists of interviews with eight users of methamphetamine. The author demonstrates common habits of methamphetamine users. It is very difficult, because there are many factors affecting frequency and dose of users. Many of that factors are not entirely predictable. Keywords methamphetamine, drug, dose, frequency, combination
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The comparison of DLP for CT brain examination and recommended DRL value.
VNOUČEK, Miroslav
The aim of the submitted work is to ascertain the quantity of a real dose through a statistic survey for the helical computed tomography examination protocol of the brain on a CT scanner of the RDG department at Benešov Hospital. A further goal is to suggest possible parametric adjustments to the brain examination protocol in view of possibly exceeding the European reference level (diagnostic reference level, DRL) and to optimise the dose when maintaining a sufficient quality of the image diagnostic utilisation rate. The principle of the CT scan and individual parameters most influencing the dose during CT examination and explanation of terms concerning the calculation of the dose in a CT scan are briefly described in the theoretical part of the work. A CT scanner, which has been used for the measuring, setting of scan parameters and dosage of the given examination protocol using the CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) a dose-length product (DLP) before the measurement, are described In the practical part, the extent of the dose-length product (DLP) examination of the brain of an adult on the given CT scan using a statistic survey and its interpretations is evaluated. A method for optimisation of the dose is described in order to mainly fulfil the criteria of the European diagnostic reference level (DRL) for dose-length product (DLP) and at the same time the figures of the usual CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) marked in the National Radiologic Standards for Computed Tomography. The outcomes of the preformed changes are a helical computed tomography examination protocol of the brain with reduced dose-length product (DLP) while maintaining the diagnostic utilisation rate of the examination.
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The role of the radiologist assistant in radionuclide brain examination
Horčičková, Zuzana ; Vlček, Petr (referee) ; Špalková, Ingrid (advisor)
Bachelor's thesis "The Role of the radiotherapist in radionuclide brain examinations" is engaged Nuclear medicine imaging methods in the examination of the brain and the role of the radiotherapist at radioisotope nuclear examination in the brain. The work is divided into nine parts. In the first and second part describes anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. The third part is devoted to regional brain blood perfusion - an examination of brain perfusion and assessment of cerebrovascular reserve capacity, which is described preparation and advance in examination, used radiofarmaceutical, evaluation of SPECT examination and contraindication. For testing cerebrovascular reserve capacity are described options burdens. Furthermore, in this chapter refers to the differential diagnostics of dementia, the detection of epileptic focus, the diagnosis of brain death and diagnostics of brain trauma. The fourth part is direct on receptor diagnostics. With respect to commercially supplied by diagnostic ligand is the most common examination dopamine system. The fifth part deals with 18F-FDG - PET examination of the brain. Distribution and intensity of glucose metabolism in the brain can be visualized. The sixth part deals with the diagnosis of brain tumors. In this chapter described the examination using of SPECT...
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State social support in terms of staff and clients
Wagnerová, Hana ; Světlíková, Daniela (advisor) ; Klára, Klára (referee)
This thesis is dedicated to a system of providing and paying out benefits according to a legal code No. 117/1995 based on social security benefits described in the theoretical section. The practical part of this thesis deals with a survey concerning the Czech Labour Office employees in particular regions as well as clients of Contact Offices in Rumburk-Šluknov - the State Social Securtity Benefits Dpt. The aim was to obtain data cocerning the paid out benefits and to receive a valid feedback about a current social system from the side of employees as well as clients. The case interpretation studies regarding families paid out by the State Social Security Benefits Dpts. are involved in the thesis, as well. The contemporary social system was analysed in terms of its practical usage in order to avoid the possibility of its misusage. The key issue and its solution were given as a conclusion.
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State social support in terms of staff and clients
Wagnerová, Hana ; Světlíková, Daniela (advisor)
Bachelor thesis is focused on the payment system of social welfare benefits under Act no. 117/1955 Coll., On state social support. This law will be thoroughly analyzed and studied. Of the practical part will specify the work to obdoru state social support from the perspective of the employee. Another important task is to determine whether the social system is set up properly and actually helps people in difficult life situations. In conclusion, all findings will evaluate and propose their own solutions.
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Assessment of the average radiation exposure from medical diagnostics
BALTA, Petr
The diploma thesis dealt with the theme of "Assessment of the average radiation exposure from medical diagnostics" is divided into two main parts. The first one is concerned with the various measurement of radiation dose during diagnostic medical radiation. The second one is focused on radiation dose optimization during diagnostic medical radiation. With increasing of the collective effective dose in population, we should consider the importance of radiation protection during diagnostic medical radiation and accuracy of effective dose estimate that is used during individual medical examinations. On the basis of these estimates, it is necessary to determine the medical theory of radiation protection and to gain control over radiation dose and optimization of diagnostic medical radiation somehow. The theoretical part describes the kinds of ionizing radiation and their biological effects on organism. This part follows the chapter devoted to radiation protection and legal framework of the Czech Republic that is related to the topic: the application of ionizing radiation, mainly the Act No. 18 /1997 Coll. on Peaceful Utilisation of Nuclear Energy and Decree of the SÚJB No. 307 /2002 Coll., on Radiation Protection. There are discussed also the particular principles of protection against radiation. Afterwards, in the theoretical part, the quantities and the units used by radiodiagnostics and nuclear medicine are described. They are needed to know for the following determination and the estimate of dose amount absorbed by human organism. The conclusion of the theoretical part treats the methods used for estimate of dose received during medical examination and new trends in radiation management of individual patients. In the diploma thesis, there are set up two research questions. The thesis has been looking for the answers by its own research. The first research question is, if the current way of measurement of radiation dose is sufficient. The second one has been asking for manners of access allowed the decreasing of dose for patients regarding to registered effective dose. On the basis of these defined research questions, the basic aims have been set up to consider the application of individual methods of dose evaluation during medical radiation, to determine, from the registered values, probably the most exact method for evaluation of radiation dose and to deduce the probability of stochastic effects formation conditioned by radiation. The research was performed with two groups of patients that were undergone skiagraphic examination of lungs and examination of stomach by computed tomography (CT). The research devoted to skiagraphic examination of lungs was dealt with women suffering by similar body constitution. The results of measured effective dose of these patients were compared, and the manner of measurement and influencing of final absorb dose in the mammary gland were presented. The relation of individual projections towards probability of cancer birth conditioned by radiation was demonstrated. For comparison and setting up the most exact method, the first group was measured by the most available and the most common way used in clinical practice. PCXMC and ImPACT CT software are the most applying methods in clinical practice. As the most available method, standardize values and the procedure from the Bulletin of the Ministry of Health for Radiation Physics were applied. The final effective doses were compared with the local and national diagnostic referential levels in order to set up the correct procedure of radiation protection. The second researched group of patients undergone stomach examination performed by computed tomography (CT). The final effective doses of these patients were compared according to ICRP 60 and ICRP 103. Just as in the first group, there were compared two methods of measurement, the most available and the most applying in the practice.
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Vliv kvality siláží a složení směsné krmné dávky pro dojnice na kvalitu mléka
Hrazdirová, Vladěna
This bachelor thesis deals with cattle bulk feed and its effekts on raw milk. Stock feeding not only influences the amount and constitution of produced milk, but it also impacts the health state of dairy cattle, that along with a suitable feed plays a key role in producing high quality milk and consecutive dairy products. A signifiant portion of milk components depem as well on the physiological processes that take place in ventrikle and proventriculi. The objectvice of this surfy was to point aut the major effects of feeding and diseases, caused by an inappropriate composition of nutrients on the quality of obtained milk.
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Vliv hnojení sírou na produkci a kvalitu cibule kuchyňské
Pilař, Tomáš
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the influence of the variety, dosage, form and the terms of sulfur fertilization in the production of onions. Without otherwise not altered amounts of other nutrients was evaluated the effect of half, whole and halved the dose of elemental sulfur and sulfate forms on yield, storability, sulfur and nitrate in onions. Issues was solved through field experiment in 2014, in Loděnice near Mor. Krumlov. Yield and storability of onions were statistically significantly affected by the dose and form of sulfur and varieties of onion. Sulfur fertilization had a statistically signifi-cant effect on the nitrate content and ratio of nitrogen and sulfur contained in onions. The results shows us, that the higher dose of sulfur fertilization was more effective than the lower dose of sulfur.
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Radiotherapy
Šipka, Petr ; Janoušek, Oto (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is to familiarize readers with the basics of the problem of electromagnetic and ionizing radiation, with its effects on a biological tissues and with types of ionizing radiations used in a therapy. It deals with a medical procedures in therapy planning and with procedures during therapy itself. Part of this Bachelor’s thesis is an application Radiation Calculator processed in MatLab software. Application is modeling the resulting radiation field while setting various parameters.
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