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Methods of Bloodcells Counting
Pavlík, Jan ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Hrubeš, Jan (advisor)
At present, the standardization of morphological examination of cytological preparations appears to be very difficult. Digitization and development of computer technology makes it possible to find a suitable solution for the effective processing of cytological samples. Company Cellavision, in collaboration with leading morphologist, developed a device Cellavision DM96, which uses image capture of blood cells for their morphological diagnosis and subsequent archiving. It is of great importance to focus on this system and examine its use in clinical practice. The results obtained by two different methods were statistically processed and evaluated.
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Analysis of cytology images
Pavlík, Jan ; Blaha, Milan (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
This master’s thesis is focused on automating the process of differential leukocyte count in peripherial blood using image processing. It deals with the design of the processing of digital images - from scanning and image preprocessing, segmentation nucleus and cytoplasm, feature selection and classifier, including testing on a set of images that were scanned in the context of this work. This work introduces used segmentation methods and classification procedures which separate nucleus and the cytoplasm of leukocytes. A statistical analysis is performed on the basis of these structures. Following adequate statistical parameters, a set of features has been chosen. This data then go through a classification process realized by three artificial neural networks. Overall were classified 5 types of leukocytes: neutropfiles, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophiles and basophiles. The sensitivity and specificity of the classification made for 4 out of 5 leukocyte types (neutropfiles, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophiles) is higher than 90 %. Sensitivity of classiffication basophiles was evaluated at 75 % and specificity at 67 %. The total ability of classification has been tested on 111 leukocytes and was approximately 91% successful. All algorithms were created in the MATLAB program.
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Stratification risk of disease progression in patients with abnormal cervical cytologic finding by means of molecular genetic analysis of selected biological factors
Gomolčáková, Barbora ; Kašpírková, Jana (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to track the impact of selected herpesviruses, polyomaviruses, Chlamydia trachomatis and methylation of tumor supressor genes at the development and progression of high grade- lesion in HPV - positive patients by means of molecular-genetic techniques. Confirmation of these markers presence in women with severe lesions of cervix would help to raise necessary specificity of molecular genetics HPV testing and recommend it as a primary screening test for cervical carcinoma prevention. HPV testing could thus replace currently prevailing cytology which has relatively low sensitivity and therefore the number of false negative results. The analyzed samples consisted of cytological cervical smears of 51 HPV positive women, with histologically confirmed presence of severe lesions, collected in liquid medium. Samplings from 51 women without infection were used as a control. The possible effect on disease progress was confirmed only in the case of gene promoters' methylation whose presence was detected in up to 26 patients. It is, however, very unlikely that cancer would develop in all these women. This marker could thus help to stratify patients at risk but only to some extent. Although the individual effect of remaining markers has not been established in the carcinogenesis of cervical...
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Biochemical parameters of energy metabolism in cerebrospinal fluid in inflammatory and non-inflammatory CNS diseases.
Bořecká, Klára ; Fialová, Lenka (advisor) ; Bartoš, Aleš (referee) ; Matouš-Malbohan, Ivan (referee)
The basic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid provides a quick orientation in the diagnostic algorithm of CNS diseases about the nature of the pathological process. The current evaluation of cytology and biochemical parameters of glucose metabolism reports about the cells present and at the same time about the level of their activation. The aim of the work was to investigate the relationship between biochemical and cytological findings in cerebrospinal fluid in a large data set (n = 8 178), or confirm the hypothesis of a significant alteration in the Coefficient of Energy Balance (CEB) in cytological classes typically accompanying oxidative burst of phagocytes. CEB was subjected to analysis and comparison with other energy parameters (lacto-glucose ratio, gluco-lactate ratio, concentration of lactate and glucose in cerebrospinal fluid). The relationships between blood and cerebrospinal fluid glucose and lactate concentrations were investigated. CEB values were statistically significantly different in cytological groups, which reflected purulent inflammation, tumor involvement or infection by potential intracellular pathogens, the hypothesis was confirmed. Other energy parameters excluding glycorrhachia distinguish these cytological groups as well as CEB. There are inaccuracies in the derivation...
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Correlation of Immunohistochemical and Molecular Methods in Diagnostics of Salivary Gland Tumors
Horáková, Markéta ; Skálová, Alena (advisor) ; Laco, Jan (referee) ; Dušková, Jaroslava (referee)
This doctoral thesis is dealing with the correlation of morphological, immunohistochemical and genetical findings in malignant tumors of salivary glands. The first half of the thesis comprises the summary of current knowledge about salivary malignancies. The second half is presenting the research itself. The research results are divided into three parts. The first part is presenting the method of "2-step diagnostic test" of malignant tumors. This screening test aims to find new, so far not described gene aberrations with a focus on malignant tumors of salivary glands. This method takes place in two consecutive steps. In the first step the material is examined by an immunohistochemical mixture of antibodies, which non-specifically detects aberration in the genes NTRK1-3, ALK and ROS1. In the second step all positive cases are subjected to highly sensitive and specific molecular-genetic examination by the method of next generation sequencing (NGS) using the Archer kit. In the second part of the work there has been designed the approach to the cytological diagnosis of salivary secretory carcinoma by the fine-needle aspiration (FNA). This part is describing to the details the cytomorphology of secretory carcinoma in both, Pap smears and cell blocks, from which additional immunocytochemical and genetic...
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Stratification risk of disease progression in patients with abnormal cervical cytologic finding by means of molecular genetic analysis of selected biological factors
Gomolčáková, Barbora ; Kašpírková, Jana (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to track the impact of selected herpesviruses, polyomaviruses, Chlamydia trachomatis and methylation of tumor supressor genes at the development and progression of high grade- lesion in HPV - positive patients by means of molecular-genetic techniques. Confirmation of these markers presence in women with severe lesions of cervix would help to raise necessary specificity of molecular genetics HPV testing and recommend it as a primary screening test for cervical carcinoma prevention. HPV testing could thus replace currently prevailing cytology which has relatively low sensitivity and therefore the number of false negative results. The analyzed samples consisted of cytological cervical smears of 51 HPV positive women, with histologically confirmed presence of severe lesions, collected in liquid medium. Samplings from 51 women without infection were used as a control. The possible effect on disease progress was confirmed only in the case of gene promoters' methylation whose presence was detected in up to 26 patients. It is, however, very unlikely that cancer would develop in all these women. This marker could thus help to stratify patients at risk but only to some extent. Although the individual effect of remaining markers has not been established in the carcinogenesis of cervical...
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New options for cervical cancer prevention
Adámková, Jana ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Fanta, Michael (referee)
This paper examines new ways of preventing cervical cancer. It adopts theoretical as well as empirical approach and is accordingly divided into two sections. The theoretical section provides a brief introduction to the anatomy and physiology of the uterus (Chapter 1.1) and then focuses on the disease itself (Chapter 1.2). The first three subchapters consider the disease incidence, the risk factors and the symptoms. The diagnostics are discussed in the fourth subchapter, which also provides a detailed description of Pap smear testing. Available treatments, currently consisting mainly of a surgical intervention, are examined in the subchapter on therapy. Lastly, the paper discusses ways of preventing cervical cancer, such as preventive gynecological exams and newly introduced vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV); Silgard and Cervavix vaccines are examined in detail. The empirical section evaluates a questionnaire-based survey performed in a private gynecological practice. The aim of the survey was to map the awareness of cervical cancer preventive measures, especially the vaccine option, amongst different age groups of women and establish whether they are having their preventive gynecological tests done.
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Methods of Bloodcells Counting
Pavlík, Jan ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Hrubeš, Jan (advisor)
At present, the standardization of morphological examination of cytological preparations appears to be very difficult. Digitization and development of computer technology makes it possible to find a suitable solution for the effective processing of cytological samples. Company Cellavision, in collaboration with leading morphologist, developed a device Cellavision DM96, which uses image capture of blood cells for their morphological diagnosis and subsequent archiving. It is of great importance to focus on this system and examine its use in clinical practice. The results obtained by two different methods were statistically processed and evaluated.
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