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Treatibility of surface water
Fuks, Josef ; Palčík,, Jiří (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The aim of the master´s thesis is the topic of the treatability of surface water with the focus on the process of suspension formation. For this work I took water samples from five different places around the Brno Dam which has contended with water quality deterioration for a long period. With these water samples, the series of jar coagulation tests were done with the application of three different commonly used coagulants. In the theoretical part of the master´s thesis I deal with the composition and attributes of surface water and the technology of its treatment. Each process of treatment is briefly described here with the emphasis on the process of suspension formation. The experimental part of the master´s thesis summarizes and presents the results gained through the coagulation tests in the laboratory. I evaluate the influence of different parameters on final effectiveness of water treatment and I try to find an optimal amount of coagulant, pH and speed of fast or slow mixing. Finally I compare the suitability of each coagulant and the influence of the sampling site on the effectiveness of water treatment.
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Aggregation reactions of chitosan in drinking water treatment
Leskovjanová, Jana ; Mega, Jaroslav (referee) ; Dolejš, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with treatment of surface waters containing humic substances. The most often used method of surface water treatment is coagulation with subsequent separation of aggregates. In this study, only perikinetic coagulation phase was studied. It is the phase when aggregates are formed by the Brownian motion only, i.e. without mixing. Separation of the formed aggregates was made by centrifugation. Coagulation tests were made under the laboratory conditions with model humic water. Humic substances were added from a concentrate, which was taken from a natural peatbog. The influence of temperature on the coagulation process was studied, ranging from 5 to 22 °C. Chitosan (natural biopolymer) was used as coagulant. In present, it is not used in Czech water treatment practice yet. No effect of temperature was observed when chitosan was used as coagulant. Influence of temperature was also studied with the use of aluminium and ferrous sulphates, which are used in common praxis as coagulation reagents. Influence of the temperature was observed and is in agreement with previously reported data of pilot-plant experiments by other researchers. Spectroscopic methods were used to evaluate the coagulation efficiency and determine residual concentration of aluminium and ferrous coagulant. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was determined for optimal doses. At first, coagulation tests were made under the laboratory temperature. This tests determined optimal aggregation time and optimal coagulant dose under low temperature. Afterwards, all coagulants used were compared at given temperatures.
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Removal of micropolutants in drinking water treatment
Hambálková, Kateřina ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Dolejš, Petr (advisor)
Intrusion of pharmaceuticals into surface and drinking water is nowadays a problem, that is solved all over the world. This diploma thesis is focused on the removal of pharmaceuticals from water by coagulation. The efficiency of two coagulant agents - chitosan and ferric sulphate was compared. For comparison was used adsorption on a granular-activated-carbon. Efficiency of removal was investigated by UV-VIS spectrophotometer and HPLC.
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Problems of humic matters as precursor of trihalomethanes (THMs) in water
Jelínková, Zuzana ; Dolejš, Petr (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis deals with qualities of humic matters, their origins, structures and occurrence in aquatic environment. There are suitable methods for determination of humic substances and processes used for their removing from water. The thesis describes disinfection of water and related origin of trihalomethanes. The aim of the experimental part of the thesis is to coagulate model humic water on the laboratory mixing column including suggestion of optimal dose of selected coagulation agent and comparison of effectivity of floccules separation by membrane filtration and centrifugation. Effectivity of the removal of humic matters was determined by measuring water absorbance at wavelengths 245 nm in a silica cuvette with optical 1 cm trajectory and at 387 nm in a glass cuvette with optical 5 cm trajectory. For evaluation of quality suspension concentration of residual iron of coagulation agent in water was determined.
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Removal of different species of phytoplankton by dissolved air flotation
Sukopová, Martina ; Mega, Jaroslav (referee) ; Dolejš, Petr (advisor)
The work evaluates the efficiency of dissolved air flotation (DAF) in removal of various kinds of phytoplankton. As absolutely necessary in the process of water treatment proved the agglomeration phase, or coagulation and floculation. This phase neutralizes the particles so that they can fasten air bubbles. The efficiency of this process depends on several variables, though: the kind of coagulant used, dose, coagulation pH, duration of floculation and its intensity, recycle ratio and the polymer use in coagulation. The particle size volume distribution and the volume of organic matter in raw water also have certain influence on phytoplankton removal. Dissolved air flotation is currently the most suitable method of phytoplankton removal. It can remove 93-98 % of blue-green algae and even 99-99.9 % of algae. The efficiency of flotation was also compared to sedimentation for the economic reason. In the process of water treatment, the sedimentation is now being replaced by flotation.
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Optimization of the coagulation of water with higher concentration of aluminium
Tomášková, Hana ; Benešová, L.
High concentration of aluminium in water reservoirs can lead to higher concetration of residual aluminium in drinking water and then it can cause some health problems. For this reason is very important to optimalise the condition of water treatment, the main problem is inadvisable type and wrong dose of the coagulant and unsuitable intensity and duration of mixing. Optimalization with aluminium sulphate and ferric sulphate was made with raw water from two drinking water reservoirs Pilská and Lázská in Czech Republic
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