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Use of the QuEChERS method for the analysis of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in soil
Brabcová, Kristýna ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
The content of this master's thesis is an application of frequently used extraction method QuEChERS on soil or other samples like litter or manure containing fluoroquinolone antibiotics. In the theoretical part of this thesis are chapters describing drugs, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Fluoroquinolones are described in more details with their properties, appearance and behaviour in the environment. The last chapter is focused on analytical methods. In the experimental part of this thesis is chosen in accordance with available publications the most suitable extraction method. This method is tested and optimized on soil samples. The optimized method is applied on the real soil and poultry litter samples to determine the amount of ciprofloxacine and enrofloxacine. This extraction method is used on other fluoroquinolone antibiotics (norfloxacine, ofloxacine, pefloxacine, moxifloxacine) in soil. All of the samples were analyzed by LC-MS.
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Analysis of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in the soil
Vdolečková, Monika ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
The thesis dealt with the global problem of the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, specifically fluoroquinol antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin), which are among other critically important antibiotics. These drugs enter the soil environment through the application of already contaminated animal waste (e.g. manure) or through wastewater used in irrigation or through the application of treated sewage sludge, which may contain drug residues. Increasing concentrations of these antimicrobial drugs in the environment provide an environment for the emergence and spread of microbial resistance. The accumulation of these drugs then leads to the emergence of resistance to these antibiotics. The experimental part of the thesis focused on the optimization of a method for the extraction and subsequent determination of fluoroquinolones in soil and litter. For this purpose, parameters related to the extraction yield of fluoroquinolones from the soil matrix were optimized, such as sample weighting, selection of a suitable extraction medium, SPE performance, elution method from the SPE, etc. Extraction recoveries of 70 to 140 % were achieved as part of the optimization. Finally, the optimised method for extraction of fluoroquinolones from poultry litter and soil samples provided by the ÚKZÚZ was used. The experimental results confirm the long-term persistence of these drugs in the environment.
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Study of selected antibiotics sorption on polyhydroxybutyrate
Amrichová, Anna ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of sorption of antibiotics on microplastics. Antibiotics and microplastics are now a highly studied topic, due to the positive and negative properties. Antibiotics with groups of sulfonamides and quinolones were selected for the experiment. From sulfonamides, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were selected, and from the quinolones, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, which have already been the impetus for some microplastic studies. Biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate was used as the microplastic. Two experiments were performed in the laboratory. The first aimed to monitor the time dependence of antibiotic sorption on polyhydroxybutyrate, the second the concentration. The concentration dependence was subsequently evaluated using the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The method of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry was used for analyzes.
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Use of the QuEChERS method for the analysis of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in soil
Brabcová, Kristýna ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
The content of this master's thesis is an application of frequently used extraction method QuEChERS on soil or other samples like litter or manure containing fluoroquinolone antibiotics. In the theoretical part of this thesis are chapters describing drugs, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Fluoroquinolones are described in more details with their properties, appearance and behaviour in the environment. The last chapter is focused on analytical methods. In the experimental part of this thesis is chosen in accordance with available publications the most suitable extraction method. This method is tested and optimized on soil samples. The optimized method is applied on the real soil and poultry litter samples to determine the amount of ciprofloxacine and enrofloxacine. This extraction method is used on other fluoroquinolone antibiotics (norfloxacine, ofloxacine, pefloxacine, moxifloxacine) in soil. All of the samples were analyzed by LC-MS.
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Analysis of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in the soil
Vdolečková, Monika ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
The thesis dealt with the global problem of the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, specifically fluoroquinol antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin), which are among other critically important antibiotics. These drugs enter the soil environment through the application of already contaminated animal waste (e.g. manure) or through wastewater used in irrigation or through the application of treated sewage sludge, which may contain drug residues. Increasing concentrations of these antimicrobial drugs in the environment provide an environment for the emergence and spread of microbial resistance. The accumulation of these drugs then leads to the emergence of resistance to these antibiotics. The experimental part of the thesis focused on the optimization of a method for the extraction and subsequent determination of fluoroquinolones in soil and litter. For this purpose, parameters related to the extraction yield of fluoroquinolones from the soil matrix were optimized, such as sample weighting, selection of a suitable extraction medium, SPE performance, elution method from the SPE, etc. Extraction recoveries of 70 to 140 % were achieved as part of the optimization. Finally, the optimised method for extraction of fluoroquinolones from poultry litter and soil samples provided by the ÚKZÚZ was used. The experimental results confirm the long-term persistence of these drugs in the environment.
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Study of selected antibiotics sorption on polyhydroxybutyrate
Amrichová, Anna ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of sorption of antibiotics on microplastics. Antibiotics and microplastics are now a highly studied topic, due to the positive and negative properties. Antibiotics with groups of sulfonamides and quinolones were selected for the experiment. From sulfonamides, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were selected, and from the quinolones, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, which have already been the impetus for some microplastic studies. Biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate was used as the microplastic. Two experiments were performed in the laboratory. The first aimed to monitor the time dependence of antibiotic sorption on polyhydroxybutyrate, the second the concentration. The concentration dependence was subsequently evaluated using the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The method of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry was used for analyzes.
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Study of immunopathological mechanisms of autoimmune uveitis and the determination of new therapeutical options.
Seidler Štangová, Petra ; Svozílková, Petra (advisor) ; Rozsíval, Pavel (referee) ; Farghali, Hassan (referee)
The aim of this work was to gain new knowledge about mechanisms of autoimmune uveitis and to test new therapeutic possibilities that have not yet been studied in uveitis or whose effect is questionable. The main emphasis was placed on the role of microorganisms in the process of uveitis. A mouse model of experimental autoimmune uveitis including a germ-free model was used to achieve the aims and samples of patients' intraocular fluids were analyzed. In the experimental model, the intensity of inflammation was evaluated in vivo clinically and post mortem histologically. The effect of immunomodulatory treatment was evaluated. The intensity of inflammation was compared between groups of germ-free and conventional mice. The therapeutic effect of antibiotics administered to affect microbiome was investigated in conventional mice. In intraocular fluid samples of patients with autoimmune uveitis signs of infection were monitored and levels of cytokines and other factors were evaluated. Evaluation of the effect of immunomodulatory therapy has demonstrated the efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil, which supports its wider use in the treatment of autoimmune posterior uveitis in human medicine. The decrease in bacterial load has led to a decrease in the intensity of inflammation, thereby confirming the importance of...
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Vývoj, optimalizace a validace analytické metody na stanovení antibiotika ciprofloxacin ve vodě pomocí LC/MS
VACLOVÁ, Jana
This bachelor thesis deals with the development, optimization and validation of an analytical method for determination of antibiotic ciprofloxacin in water using LC/MS. At first, the development and optimization of the analytical method was performed. The following parameters were selected for optimization: mobile phase composition and injection volume of sample, conditions of electrospray, voltage on S-lens and F-lens, collision energy, maximum trap fill time and number of microscans. Then, the analytical method was successfully validated. Finally, the method was applied for the determination of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in the layers made from PEEK.
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Seasonal evolution of antibiotic concentrations in the wastewater of STP České Budějovice
JANOŠÍK, David
The aim of the diploma thesis was to monitor seasonal concentration changes of 7 antibiotics norfloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, erythromycin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in wastewater influent and (cleaned) water effluent in the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) České Budějovice. Time-proportional 24 hours pooled samples of wastewater were collected every month from March 2011 to February 2012 in the influent and effluent pof the STP. The concentrations of target compounds were determined by using in line SPE/LC-MS/MS analysis. The highest average concentration in the influent was detected in case of norfloxacin (0.563 microgram/l) and ciprofloxacin (0.406 microgram/l). The highest average concentration in the effluent was detected in the case of trimethoprim (0.255 microgram/l) and erythromycin (0.117 microgram/l). Higher concentration of antibiotics was measured in the colder periods of the year. It was connected with increased use of antibiotics and with less cleaning efficiency of the STP in this season. The highest removal efficiency was determined for norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, the lowest for erythromycin. The influence of the season on the removal efficiency of antibiotics was found esp. for azithromycin,trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.
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