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Posouzení dynamiky růstu a šíření jmelí bílého (Viscum album) na vybrané lokalitě
Horký, Jan
This thesis deals with growth dynamics and spread of white mistletoe (Viscum album) in the so-called „Fisherman's Alley“ in Přerov in 2021 and 2022. The research maps the degree of mistletoe infestation and basic characteristics of trees and examines their relationships. It also observes the relationship between mistletoe growth and climatic variables and maps the methods of mistletoe removal in the Czech Republic. In the observed period, the mistletoe infestation intensity increased in 22% of trees. The height and circumference of the tree affect the degree of infestation, the effect of age and health of the tree was less significant. The work showed a slight correlation between minimum temperatures in the first quarter of the year and mistletoe growth. The public administration is mainly involved in the removal of mistletoe in the Moravian-Silesian and Zlín regions, where pruning or felling trees are the most common methods. Chemical treatment usage is beginning to be used step-by-step.
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Chemical and biological control of phlebotominae sand flies
Pružinová, Kateřina ; Volf, Petr (advisor) ; Král, David (referee)
Phlebotominae sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) are important vectors of leishmaniasis. Control measures are complicated by the fact that sand fly breeding sites and resting places are generally hard to find. Measures used to control adult sand flies include the use of chemical insecticides for insecticide-treated bednets or curtains, residual spraying of dwellings, eventually the space-spraying. Domestic dogs as reservoir host of visceral leishmaniosis can be protected by dog-collars impregnated with insecticides or by spot on application of insecticides. Chemical insecticides may be toxic for non-target organisms and the increase of insecticide-resistance of some sand flies populations is possible. Therefore, new methods of biological control should be tested; entomopathogenic organisms (Bacillus sphaericus, B. thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana), pheromone-baited traps and noxious plants could be used. Hormone TMOF, inhibitor of trypsin biosynthesis, was successfully tested in mosquitos. Based on similarity of mosquitos and sand flies, the effect of this peptide on blood digestion and egg development is tested in Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia species.
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Chemical and biological control of phlebotominae sand flies
Pružinová, Kateřina ; Král, David (referee) ; Volf, Petr (advisor)
Phlebotominae sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) are important vectors of leishmaniasis. Control measures are complicated by the fact that sand fly breeding sites and resting places are generally hard to find. Measures used to control adult sand flies include the use of chemical insecticides for insecticide-treated bednets or curtains, residual spraying of dwellings, eventually the space-spraying. Domestic dogs as reservoir host of visceral leishmaniosis can be protected by dog-collars impregnated with insecticides or by spot on application of insecticides. Chemical insecticides may be toxic for non-target organisms and the increase of insecticide-resistance of some sand flies populations is possible. Therefore, new methods of biological control should be tested; entomopathogenic organisms (Bacillus sphaericus, B. thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana), pheromone-baited traps and noxious plants could be used. Hormone TMOF, inhibitor of trypsin biosynthesis, was successfully tested in mosquitos. Based on similarity of mosquitos and sand flies, the effect of this peptide on blood digestion and egg development is tested in Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia species.
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Mechanical and chemical control of perennial weed
ŠMÍDA, Petr
Perennial weed creeping thistle and couch-grass were controlled for tree year period in Prepychy village (Rychnov nad Kneznou district). Stubble breaking had cardinal effect on regeneration of hypogenous vegetative organs both wedd and endorsed their appearance. Following ploughing and ground reproduction before seeding didn´t control these weed. In chemical control section was tested an effectiveness of 22 herbicides. Creeping thistle showed the highest sensitivity against the majority of herbicides in growth phase F4 (stalk height 20 cm). Results of experiments showed an importance of application a.i. glyphosate in perennial weed control system. In winter wheat vegetation showed herbicides Husar and Lontrel 300 the highest effect against creeping thistle. Broad-leaved crops give a possibility to use graminicides against couch-grass. Graminicides Fusilade Forte 150 EC and Gallant Super shown the highest effect against couch-grass.
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