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Nemocnost a úhyny telat dojeného skotu v období do odstavu
Nováková, Viktória
The bachelor’s thesis Diseases and deaths of dairy cattle calves in the period until weaning describes an overview of the most common diseases of calves from birth to weaning and the causes of their death in this time period. The most common diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract are septicemic coli infection, diarrhoic syndrome and infectious enterotoxemia. The respiratory system is most often affected by the respiratory syndrome, which as a complex of diseases includes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza 3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus and pasteurellosis. Calves diseases are affected by various factors that affect their health. Health is conditioned to a large extent by colostral and milk nutrition, the principles of witch are based on we will discuss. If one of the factors affecting health is disturbed, it can have impact on breeding. Practical part with the most common diseases and their treatment in a company in Slovakia. Based on the results, it was found that in the given farm, the morbidity rate is 86.26% of the total number of calves until weaning. The most prevalent were diarrheal diseases 48.07% and respiratory diseases 36.05%. The recommendation is to educate employees about the technological and animal hygiene principles of husbandry.
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Vliv ročního období a pořadí laktace na kvalitu mleziva holštýnských krav ve vybraném podniku
Slechanová, Marie
The topic of the bachelor's thesis was to monitor the influence of the season and the order of lactation on the quality of colostrum of Holstein cows. The bachelor thesis is divided into several parts. In the literary research, the work deals with the characteristics, meaning and composition of colostrum. The theoretical part describes the effects on the quality of colostrum or colostrum preservation. In the practical part is characterized, the company that provided the data and samples for this work. Colostrum from dairy cows in the 1st to 3rd and higher lactations during the seasons was evaluated. Density, the amount of lactose in colostrum, and the percentage of fat, protein, and lactose were measured from the evaluation indicators. The results show that the quality of colostrum increases with increasing lactation. Based on the obtained results, it is not proven that the influence of the season has a major influence on the quality of colostrum. The measured values of the indicators were higher or lower on the monitored farm in accordance with the professional literature.
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Výživa telat v období do odstavu
Sladký, David
Nowadays, the topic of calf nutrition in the weaning period is increasingly discussed. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis describes the period of colostrum, milk and starter nutrition and weaning of calves. Furthermore, an overview of the feeds used in calves during the lactation period is presented, focusing on colostrum, milk replacers, starter feeds and drinking water. In the practical part, the results of a trial of feeding dairy compound feeds from two different producers are described. 20 calves were included in the trial and divided into two groups and after the lactation period, ten of them were fed with Multimilk Vital from VVS Verměřovice and the other group with Telfid Extra from FIDES AGRO, s. All calves were monitored for weight, health, consumption of starter mixture and gains were calculated and an economic evaluation of the cost of rearing calves was carried out. No statistically significant differences were found in live weight of calves, daily gains or consumption of starter mixture throughout the experiment. At one stage of rearing, a higher incidence of diarrhoea was found in calves fed Telfid Extra. Although the final evaluation of the increments showed almost identical results, after recalculation of the economic aspect, Telfid Extra with a cost of 47.57 CZK per kg of increment was more economical than the Multimilk Vital mixture, where the cost per kg of increment in the feed used was calculated at 58.02 CZK.
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Hodnocení růstové schopnosti telat plemene galloway ve vybraném stádě masného skotu
KARAS, Aleš
Object of this thesis was evaluating growth ability of galloway calves in chosen company. Source of dates was KUMP and the observed period was from 2005 to 2020, ie a total of sixteen years. In thesis was observed indicators of growth ability, specifically achieved weight in 120 and 210 days with increments during inspected years per observed period and their comparison between bulls and heifers. Furthermore, the effect on these abilities of each breeding bull, that was active in herd, and effect on number of calved females or their parity. Finally, a comparison of the achieved values in monitored company with the average in Czech Republic. Large differences were found between bulls and heifers, where bulls achieved on average, about of 10 % higher values of gained weight and gain than heifers. A significant effect was also found according to the order of calving, when the growth abilities of calves are improved from the sixth birth, thanks to better milkiness of cows. The effect of breeding bull is quite noticeable, because the biggest difference between the minimum and maximal achieved average weight in 120 and 210 days is 38 kg for heifers and 54 kg for bulls.
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Influence of probiotic feed supplements on the growth and health calves
ŠEBKOVÁ, Anna
Thesis contains informations about right stabling and nutrition of calfs. It´s include importance of probiotic supplements and their influence to growth and health of cows. Newborns weight in seven days after birth was similar (54 kg) in every of three groups. Significant diferences were registered at the end of these monitoring, in ninety days after birth. First Group witch consumed RumiForm Digest had average wight 126 kg. Groups witch consumed RumiForm Digest with bacteria mixture, had average weight 146 kg. In every monitored groups diarrheal was detected. The biggest frequency was detected at group, witch consumed RumiForm Digest with bacteria mixture. There was detected 9% diarrheal diseases in total 48 calfs. Deads were detected only in the group of calfs whitche eat RumiForm Digest with probiotics during the experiment. Total mortality was less thas 2%. There wasn´t shown influence of probiotics to calfs growth (p-value (calves weight on the 7th day after birth) = 0,63; p-value (calves weight on the 90th day after birth) = 0,31, p-value greater than 0,5), either to calfs health (p-value (comparison of diarrhea rates) = 0,67; p-value (death) = 0,82, p-value greater than 0,5). Can not be said, that the eating of probiotics supplements had pozitive influence to calfs grow and health.
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Vztahy mezi kvalitou mleziva, růstem a zdravotním stavem telat
ŠLEGLOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of calf rearing, especially in the period of colostrum and dairy nutrition. As the basis of successful cattle breeding is the breeding of calves, emphasis must be placed on their timely connection with quality colostrum. Colostrum is the first secretion of the mammary gland immediately after calving. It contains important components, especially immunoglobulins, which play an important role in the nutrition of calves, provide passive immunity of calves after birth, health and vital functions in the first ectopic period of the calf cubs. Another important aspect for successful and healthy rearing of calves is, for example, the technology of housing calves or their subsequent nutrition in individual rearing periods, which are also described in the thesis.
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Vyhodnocení růstu a zdravotního stavu telat v závislosti na různých chovatelských podmínkách
DUŠEK, Jan
The goal of every livestock farmer should be a viable, well-growing healthy calf that passes on its genetic information to future generations. This thesis deals with the impact of growth and health of calves depending on the selected breeding technology in chosen farm of Holstein cattle. The aim was to compare various ways of housing calves in operating conditions. The chosen hypothesis predicts to achieve better results of calves housed in an individual system (VIB) compared to a group system (VSB). In 2020 a group of calves (n 41), divided evenly into various housing systems (individual /group), was monitored in the selected farm. The experiment lasted from the birth to the 85th day. Based on the results of the experiment, the calves of both observed groups received quality colostrum (average value of 26.17 % Brix) in the sufficient amount (average amount at the first drink 3.45 l). Calves are not weighed at birth in this farm (calves are assigned a value of 30 kg, regardless of sex). The average measured birth weight was 38.4 kg. It would be good to adjust this value in the in-house system to reflect reality better. On the basis of the results of observations, the original hypothesis can be rejected. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of calves when compared. It is not possible to confirm / exclude the degree of susceptibility of individual groups of calves to infectious pressures and diseases objectively (statistically) due to a small number of observations. Diarrheal diseases were more serious problem. These diseases occurred most in calves up to one month of their age, with a disease prevalence of 25 % and an average mortality of 7,4 %. No statistically significant difference was found when weight gains were compared. Weaned calves of the VIB housing system showed higher profitability, on average CZK 313 per calf, CZK 2.92 per kg of weight gain. From the point of view of animal welfare, there were problems with scraped backs of the calves housed in plastic sheds (Calf - Tel) because of their height at the shoulder. These sheds had a low entryway (95 cm). In the farm, the milk fed calves are fed from free surface; the teats are not used here. It would be worth considering and testing whether a change of a calf feeding method had a positive effect on the prevalence of diarrheal diseases. This could lead not only to a reduction in costs of potential veterinary care and medicine, but also to an increase in weight gain and thus to higher economic yields.
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Analýza různých technologií odchovu telat
HAMPLOVÁ, Michaela
In cattle breeding, it is necessary to pay great attention to calves, especially to the quality of their housing. Calf rearing is one of the riskiest parts of the whole breed. This requires a thorough development of biological, nutritional, ethological and technological factors of breeding. The aim of this thesis was to compare two different ways of housing calves (individually vs. pairs) in roofed outdoor individual boxes with feedeng twice a day and evaluate their influence on the course of growth and health from birth to weaning. The experiment was carried out at the Číčov farm, which i sone of the centers of Alimex a.s. Nezvěstice, farming in the district of Plzeň - South. The actual monitoring of the calves took place from 1. 1. 2018 to 31. 7. 2018. Both groups of calves included in the experiment were fed the same amount of feed (native milk, milk replacer, TMR). Each group had the same number of pieces - 12 calves (heifers) of the Holstein cattle breed. At the end of the reporting period, calves that were raised together in pairs at average weight of 227.17 kg during the dairy period, while calves reared individually during the same period reached a final weight of 215 kg. The average daily increase in calves with a common rearing was 0.89 kg, in calves of the second group this value was lower, namely 0.83 kg. However, tthe difference between the mean final weights of both groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). All calves included tn the exxperiment were fed with appropriate quality colostrum (immunoglobulin content of 100 g/l or more) within 2 hours of delivery. Immunity of all experimental calves was sufficient, so the level of immunoglobulins did not fall below 50 g/l, with more than 85 % of calves having an immunoglobulin content above 55 g/l. In calves reared individually during the experiment, diarrhea was noted in three animals and respiratory disease in four animals. In rearing together, there was diarrhea in five calves. Respiratory disease occured in four calves. In both experimental groups of calves, it was observed that immediately after drinking, the animals were mutually sucking mules, but the calves housed together with a lower frequency also licked the polypropylene plates separating the VIB and nibbled empty buckets.
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Analýza užitkovosti u masného skotu plemene Hereford
MAZALOVSKÁ, Lucie
Theme of this work is breeding of cattle meat breed Hereford breed and their crossbreds with Charolais and Czech spotted cattle. We monitored the influence of sex, breed of father and mother, parity and month of calving on the average weight of calves at 120, 210 and 365 days of animal age. Growth of calves in individual cross combinations were evaluated too. The study was performed on the selected herd of 215 pieces of cattle: 85 of Hereford breed, 68 of Charolais breed and 62 of Czech spotted cattle breed. The herd is bred on the private farm with a total area 90ha of pastures located in the South Bohemian village Lhota near Mladosovice. We used information and performance of the herd of cattle between the years: 2017 and 2018. This diploma thesis confirms that higher average weights can be attain as crossbreeding of meat breeds and also by crossbreeds with dual purpose cattle breeds. Calves born in the late months of the year come up to higher average weights too. From the statistical analysis it is possible to prove the influence of the parent combination on the average weights of calves and their weight gains. The lowest weight gains were observed in calves of crossbred combination of Charolais vs. Czech spotted cattle (0.83 kg per day) and the highest values were detected in calves of Charolais vs. Hereford breeds (1 kg per day).
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Vyhodnocení vybraných vlivů na užitkovost stáda masného skotu plemene Hereford.
MAZALOVSKÁ, Lucie
In this bachelor thesis I am solving the problems of cattle breeding for meat production of Hereford breed. The effect of gender, father, order and month of calving on the average weight of calves at 120, 210 and 365 days of age of the animal. Was also evaluated process of growth up during rearing calves with their mother. Were used informations and performance of the herd of cattle between the years: 2014, 2015, 2016. The study was performed on breeding herds with 75 head of cattle suckler. The herd is bred on the private farm with a total area 70ha of pastures located in the South Bohemian village Lhota u Mladosovice. The bachelor thesis confirms that the for excellent production is best suited ensure the calving cows aged 24 months and reserved breeding the animals for their the second to third calving.
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