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Assessment of Nutritional Status and Clinical Manifestation in Infants with Allergic Colitic
Weidenthalerová, Edita ; Floriánková, Marcela (advisor) ; Frühauf, Pavel (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of clinical manifestations in infants with allergic colitis and their overall nutritional status, anthropometry, blood count and antibodies against cow's milk proteins. Allergic colitis is one of the most common manifestations of infant allergy to cow`s milk protein with gastrointestinal involvement. The theoretical part summarizes the anthropometric evaluation of growth and development, infant nutrition, the most important laboratory indicators of nutritional status. The part is generally devoted to food allergies, mainly allergy to cow's milk protein. The practical part deals with the evaluation of a sample of examined patients in gastroenterology outpatient clinics and nutritional outpatient clinic of the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine of the 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Hospital in Prague. The observed group of infants with allergic colitis includes infants exclusively breastfed, breastfed by a mother following a non-dairy diet, infants on an extensive hydrolyzate or on an amino acid formula. The main goal of the diploma thesis was to trace the most common clinical manifestations and whether there are any changes in their nutritional status during the disease and its treatment. A total of 45 randomly...
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Human milk bank and their reason
PODLAHOVÁ, Pavla
This bachelor thesis is dedicated to banks of human milk and their purpose. The paper is divided into theoretical part, which describes the lactation's development, the composition of breast milk, techniques and advantages of breast feeding and a practical part. History of human milk banks, their function and utilization are also included. The practical part of this thesis consists of qualitative and quantitative research. Two research goals were set up - to get to know about specifics of work of the staff in human milk banks and to map the mothers' awareness of the possibility of human milk banks utilization after childbirth. In terms of the goal one, a research question was set: VO1: What are the specifics of work of the staff in human milk banks? In terms of the second goal, the hypothesis was set: H1: Are there any differences in awareness within mothers of babies who are born in term versus those who are born before the term of the possibility to utilize human milk banks? The qualitative research was done through questioning, in-depth interview method. The research sample was made up from the staff working in human milk banks, the interview was done with 4 workers. The interviews were transcribed and analysed thanks to "pen - paper" method. They were further divided into three categories and fifteen subcategories. The research question was set up: What are the specifics of work of the staff in human milk banks? The outcomes of the research showed that the staff in human milk banks are mostly working with the donors of breast milk, which is further being examined, pasteurized and frozen. The quantitative part was made through questionnaire in social media with the total number of 1000 respondents. The outcomes of the research were graphically represented and added by verbal comments. Hypothesis verification was done thanks to chi square test. The zero hypothesis was tested against the alternative hypothesis with the level of significance of 5 %. Afterwards the level of significance was compared with the final value from chi square test. The hypothesis H1 ended up with the result of < 0,1 %. This result means that the mothers of babies who are born before the term have bigger awareness about human milk banks. 91,2 % of respondents are sufficiently informed about the human milk banks. This bachelor thesis can be used as an informative source to women, students of midwifery as well as the source of information for various conferences.
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Problematika kojení a vývoje imunitního systému u člověka
SPĚVÁKOVÁ, Markéta
The aim of this work is to evaluate breastfeeding along with the timing of complementary feeding of infants as a possible way of food allergy prevention. The first part of the thesis deals with the human immune system development and the factors which play a crucial role in this problematics. The next part is dedicated to breastfeeding and it describes the composition of breast milk and its immunological importance. The last part deals with the patophysiology of food allergies and food intolerance.
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The physical characteristics of secondary schoolchildren in relation to type of nutrition in infancy
REJTHAROVÁ, Denisa
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to elaborate a research of available Czech and foreign literature and to carry out a study to assess the body dimensions of the 14-year-old age group. Body height, weight, circumferential dimensions (right arm, abdomen, hips, right thigh) and skin algae (above triceps, subscapular, suprailiacal and thigh) were measured and assessed. The follow-up included both infants exclusively breastfed at least 4 months of age, and breastfed children, and infants, who were artificially fed. By comparing the average values of all measured body characteristics of secondary school children with different feeding patterns in infancy, statistically significant differences in values were calculated only in the circumference of the right arm and the right thigh between girls in favor of breastfed girls. Other differences in mean values were not statistically significant. Comparing the data of previous researches with the average values of measured probands, we can say that the average BMI values of secondary school boys and girls increase according to the 1999 and 2001 surveys due to a more pronounced increase in average body weight values and a less pronounced increase in body height. Comparing the average values of the measured probands with the data of the reference sets, it was found that since 1985 the peripheral dimensions of the boy ´s hips and thighs have been increasing significantly. The circumferential dimensions of the arms, hips and thighs of our nursing girls have been increasing since the year 1985, but there has been a significant reduction in the circumference of the abdomen. The average values of all skin algae are increasing compared to the 1985 data.
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The physical characteristics of preschool children in relation to type of nutrition in infancy
ŤOUPALOVÁ, Lenka
The part of this bachelor´s thesis is about description and comparison of breast milk and artificial nutrition. Some previous breastfeeding researches are also described here. The aim of the thesis is to assess selected the physical characteristics of breastfed and non-breastfed five years old children. The measured characteristics were body height, body weight, selected circumference characterictics (the right arm circumference, the gluteal circumference, the waist circumference and the right thigh circumference) and the values of selected skin folds (the skin fold over the triceps, the subscapulare skin fold, the suprailiacal skin fold and the thigh over the quadriceps). In addition, the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the sum of all four skin folds were calculated. The differences in average values for breastfed and non-breastfed children were not statistically significant by Student´s test (t-test). Only the skin fold on the thigh over the quadriceps was at limit of significance for the non-breastfed girls in our group. In contrast, the results of the Mann-Whitney test for breastfed and non-breastfed children were statististically significant for the suprailiacal skin fold, for the skin fold on the thigh over the quadriceps and for the sum of all four skin folds in favor of the non-breastfed girls. The differences in breastfed and non-breastfed averages were evaluated for the group reduced by probands with BMI values above 97th percentile. The t-test comparison showed a statistically significant difference in the group of girls. The non-breastfed girls had higher values of the subscapulare skin fold, skin fold on the thigh over the quadriceps and the sum of all four skin folds. The research part of the thesis includes the results of the relationship among the physical characteristics. The most interesting result were among the selected circumference and BMI. It was found that the BMI has the closes relationship with the arm circumference in all groups of our children. Further, it was found that the sum of skin folds has a closer relationship with BMI than with the body weight in non-breastfed boys group and both of girl´s groups. The children from our group were compared with the previous researches. The most significant results were related to the comparison of the body height and the body weight. Our group had statistically highly significant higher values of these both characteristics.
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The physical characteristics of primary schoolchildren in relation to type of nutrition in infancy
VAŠKOVÁ, Iveta
The objective of this bachelor thesis was the elaboration of a topic from available Czech and foreign literature and conducting a study to assess the body dimensions of children of younger school age in the category of nine-year-old due to the type of nutrition in infancy. Data collection was performed by the author of this work in the period from October 2017 to November 2018. Total measurements were attended by 136 children - 36 breastfed girls, 28 non-breastfed girls, 36 breastfed boys and 36 non-breastfed boys. The measurement was carried out at ten primary schools in the South Bohemian region in the municipalities from 3 to 6 thousand inhabitants and in the town with a population about 100 thousand. For the assessment were selected basic somatic data, such as body height, body weight and circumferential dimensions of the right arm, abdomen, hips and right thigh. There were also measured the skin folds - above the triceps, subscapular (below shoulder blade), suprailiacal (above the iliac crest) and on the thigh. The research performed in this thesis did not confirm the difference in the values of body characteristics of younger school children due to the type of their nutrition in infancy. The results of our research showed that non-breastfed children have higher average values in all measured parameters, but differences between breastfed and non-breastfed children were not statistically significant. Contribution of the bachelor thesis can be seen in the real use of the theoretical knowledge of this topic and methods of measurement in pedagogical practice. The results of the work could be interesting for professionals and the general public as a basis for further scientific investigation.
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Protein intake in nurselings
KYNCL, Tomáš
The aim of bachelory called "The intake of proteins at infant" was to chart an intake of proteins at infant's diet. There are two research questions: What is the difference between breast-feeded infants and infant's feeded by formulas and infants feeded by baby foods focused on the intake of proteins? What is the intake of proteins at infants feeded by baby foods according to nutrition's recommendecions. Bachelory thesis is separeted to theoretical part, which is focused to defined basic concepts like proteins and infants. Further it deals with infant's nutrition, provided by breast-feeding or infant's nutrition formula and baby foods. Practical part was done by applying qualitativ research, there is calculation of 3 days of infant's diet. The evaluation of data was done in programm Nutriservis Proffesional and I used labels from the producers of infant's formulas as well. There are 12 infants involved in the research separeted in 3 groups based on infant's age. The groups are defined as: 0-4 months, 4-8 months, 8-12 months. In each groups there are 4 infants. The results are done using the formo of calculated tabs. In all the groups there is reference value of proteins set up to 10 g a day. (Referenční hodnoty pro příjem živin, 2011). The conclusion says that breast-feeded children at the groups 0-4 months and 4-8 months are closer to this reference value than children feeded by infant's nutrition formula. At the group 8-12 months it is very individuall. There are 2 infants close to the reference value, one of them has the income significantely lower and the second one higher for a change. Out of those results it is possible to say, that for optimal income of proteins it is more convinient breastst-feeding than infant's nutrition formulas.
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Comparison of the diet of infants when using 4 formulas (Sunar, Nestle, Hipp, Nutricie)
KUBÁTOVÁ, Veronika
The bachelor's thesis entitled "Comparison of infant diets using four baby formulas" is aimed at comparing the nutritional content of four commercial baby formulas and evaluating the real world consumption of nutrients and micronutrients by infants who are fed with these specific formulations. In this thesis, two specific questions were considered: 1) "What is the nutritional difference between these four baby formulas?" and 2) "Which of these four baby formulas most closely matches the nutritional profile of breast milk?" There are two parts to this thesis. The first part focuses on theoretical information while the second part deals with practical information. The theoretical portion deals with issues including the nutritional needs of infants, breastfeeding, breast milk, and the use of baby formulas. The practical portion used qualitative research into the diets of infants. The research sample consisted of 12 infants using the formulas. The infants were divided into four groups of three. Each group used a different formula during the three days research period. The mothers recorded the quantities consumed by their babies, and the information was recorded and evaluated in the Nutriservis Professional program. The practical portion also includes a table showing the ingredients and nutritional information of each of the four formulas. This information was taken from the manufacturer's product labels. The results of this research are presented in tabular form. The results are compared with the nutritional recommendations for infants as detailed in the publication "Referenční hodnoty pro příjem živin (2011)." Furthermore, the nutritional composition of each of the formulas is compared with the nutritional composition of breast milk according to "Referenční hodnoty pro příjem živin (2011)." The results show that all the infants in the study exceeded the recommended daily allowance of certain nutritents and micronutrients by many times. My conclusion is that breast milk remains the best source of nutrition for infants. This bachelor's thesis may be used as an information source for medical students, expectant mothers, and mothers with babies.
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The issue of breastfeeding on newborn intensive care unit.
Skuhrová, Kateřina ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Heczková, Jana (referee)
v anglickém jazyce This bachelor thesis examines the topic of breastfeeding in newborn intensive care units (ICUs). Breastfeeding and feeding babies with mother's milk is one of the best and the most natural ways of nutrition after birth. It is irreplaceable and, at the same time, very convenient for the baby and the mother. The thesis focuses on the problem of separating mothers from their babies after birth when the newborns are hospitalized in an ICU. The newborns therefore cannot be in constant contact with their mothers and thus cannot be regularly breastfed. The thesis comprises a theoretical and an empirical part. In the first chapter of the theoretical part of the thesis, I describe the anatomy of the mammary gland, lactation physiology and the composition of mother's milk. The next chapter pays a great deal of attention to the issues related to newborn ICUs where not only prematurely born children are placed, but also children with worsened afterbirth adaptation, hypoxia, infections, various genetic defects and children of drug-addicted mothers. The last chapter is dedicated to the significance and benefits of breastfeeding, pumping and storing mother's milk, and alternative ways of feeding newborns in ICUs. The last part of this chapter addresses the Lactation League, lactation...
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