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Artificial aorta for activity demonstration of intraaortal baloon contrapulsation
Bičiště, Jan ; Rampl, Ivan (referee) ; Zeman, Václav (advisor)
This dissertation work describes design and construction of simulated aorta device intended to demonstrate performance of the intra-aortal balloon catheter (IAB), and to test reaction of the contra-pulsation pump during simulated cardiac output in conditions of tachycardia, bradycardia and arrhythmia. The major part of the device is transparent plastic tube. The pressure pulses (waves) are generated inside this plastic tube to simulate real cardiac output. These pressure pulses are generated by step motor with membrane. The step motor is controlled by programmable control system AMiNi-E. Individual pressure pulses simulate cardiac output in conditions of tachycardia, bradycardia and arrhythmia. Required simulated cardiac output is selected by control switches. Generated pressure pulses are read by pressure sensor and are transferred to the control system of the configuration computer. Read data can be displayed as graphs in program Microsoft Excel. The intra-aortal balloon catheter (IAB) is inserted inside the aorta and is connected with contra-pulsation pump which on pressure pulse is responding.
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Evaluation of heart arrhythmias
Šromová, Michaela ; Kozumplík, Jiří (referee) ; Provazník, Ivo (advisor)
The thesis is a brief description of the anatomy and electrophysiology of the heart. The thesis also describes the different types of electrocardiogram and cardiac arrhythmias with a description of their treatment. The next section provides design of a programme for the classification of selected types of arrhythmias, and three options for rhythm detection, using the length of RR intervals, finding extremes of P and R waves, measuring the length of intervals and heights of amplitudes. The practical part of this work was to create a rhythm classifier assigning appropriate treatment of arrhythmias, verification of its functions on the signals available from the library of arrhythmias and its evaluation.
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The impact of positive inotropic and antiarrhythmic drugs on cardiovascular system
Kočková, Radka ; Linhart, Aleš (advisor) ; Janoušek, Jan (referee) ; Štengl, Milan (referee)
Heart rate changes mediate the embryotoxic effect of antiarrhythmic drugs in the chick embryo A significant increase in cardiovascular medication use during pregnancy has occurred in recent years but only limited evidence on its safety profile is available. We hypothesized that drug-induced bradycardia is the leading mechanism of developmental toxicity. We tested metoprolol, carvedilol, or ivabradine for embryotoxicity and their acute effect on chick embryonic model. We used video microscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Significant dose-dependent mortality was achieved in embryos injected with carvedilol and ivabradine. In ED4 embryos, metoprolol, carvedilol and ivabradine reduced the heart rate by 33%, 27%, and 55%, respectively, compared to controls (6%). In ED8 embryos this effect was more pronounced with a heart rate reduction by 71%, 54%, 53%, respectively (controls 36%). Cardiac output decreased in all tested groups but only proved significant in the metoprolol group in ED8 embryos. The number of -adrenergic receptors showed a downward tendency during embryonic development but a negative chronotropic effect of tested drugs was increasingly pronounced with embryonic maturity. This effect was associated with reduced cardiac output in chick embryos, probably leading to premature death....
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The impact of positive inotropic and antiarrhythmic drugs on cardiovascular system
Kočková, Radka ; Linhart, Aleš (advisor) ; Janoušek, Jan (referee) ; Štengl, Milan (referee)
Heart rate changes mediate the embryotoxic effect of antiarrhythmic drugs in the chick embryo A significant increase in cardiovascular medication use during pregnancy has occurred in recent years but only limited evidence on its safety profile is available. We hypothesized that drug-induced bradycardia is the leading mechanism of developmental toxicity. We tested metoprolol, carvedilol, or ivabradine for embryotoxicity and their acute effect on chick embryonic model. We used video microscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Significant dose-dependent mortality was achieved in embryos injected with carvedilol and ivabradine. In ED4 embryos, metoprolol, carvedilol and ivabradine reduced the heart rate by 33%, 27%, and 55%, respectively, compared to controls (6%). In ED8 embryos this effect was more pronounced with a heart rate reduction by 71%, 54%, 53%, respectively (controls 36%). Cardiac output decreased in all tested groups but only proved significant in the metoprolol group in ED8 embryos. The number of -adrenergic receptors showed a downward tendency during embryonic development but a negative chronotropic effect of tested drugs was increasingly pronounced with embryonic maturity. This effect was associated with reduced cardiac output in chick embryos, probably leading to premature death....
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Evaluation of heart arrhythmias
Šromová, Michaela ; Kozumplík, Jiří (referee) ; Provazník, Ivo (advisor)
The thesis is a brief description of the anatomy and electrophysiology of the heart. The thesis also describes the different types of electrocardiogram and cardiac arrhythmias with a description of their treatment. The next section provides design of a programme for the classification of selected types of arrhythmias, and three options for rhythm detection, using the length of RR intervals, finding extremes of P and R waves, measuring the length of intervals and heights of amplitudes. The practical part of this work was to create a rhythm classifier assigning appropriate treatment of arrhythmias, verification of its functions on the signals available from the library of arrhythmias and its evaluation.
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Artificial aorta for activity demonstration of intraaortal baloon contrapulsation
Bičiště, Jan ; Rampl, Ivan (referee) ; Zeman, Václav (advisor)
This dissertation work describes design and construction of simulated aorta device intended to demonstrate performance of the intra-aortal balloon catheter (IAB), and to test reaction of the contra-pulsation pump during simulated cardiac output in conditions of tachycardia, bradycardia and arrhythmia. The major part of the device is transparent plastic tube. The pressure pulses (waves) are generated inside this plastic tube to simulate real cardiac output. These pressure pulses are generated by step motor with membrane. The step motor is controlled by programmable control system AMiNi-E. Individual pressure pulses simulate cardiac output in conditions of tachycardia, bradycardia and arrhythmia. Required simulated cardiac output is selected by control switches. Generated pressure pulses are read by pressure sensor and are transferred to the control system of the configuration computer. Read data can be displayed as graphs in program Microsoft Excel. The intra-aortal balloon catheter (IAB) is inserted inside the aorta and is connected with contra-pulsation pump which on pressure pulse is responding.
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