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Comparative analysis of physiological, degenerative and postoperative lumbar spine using computational modeling
Krejbychová, Adéla ; Návrat, Tomáš (referee) ; Vosynek, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the comparative analysis of the physiological, degenerative and postoperative state of the lumbar spine. The problem was solved by computational modeling using the finite element method. For this solution, it was necessary to create appropriate computational models. The spine physiological state was compared with cases of the lumbar spine with different levels of spondylolisthesis, cases of the lumbar spine with different sacral angles, and cases of lumbar spine with applied fixators. Based on the performed analyses, it was found that spine degenerative state has a great influence on the distribution of stress in the vertebral discs and the vertebra itself. Compared to the physiological state, with increasing level of the spondylolisthesis the stress in the vertebral discs increases, while the stress in the vertebral section decreases. Furthermore, the spondylolisthesis affects the force flow. The higher the level of the spondylolisthesis, the more the force flow is shifted onto the posterior articular ligaments. The best results in terms of the spine physiological state were achieved with the applied fixator model.
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Stress-strain analysis of dental implant inserted in different mandibles
Diakovová, Tereza ; Thomková, Barbora (referee) ; Marcián, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with a problem in the field of dental implantology, namely the mechanical interaction between the dental implant and the bone tissue of the mandible. This interaction is affected by the shape and density of the bone tissues. A review of studies dealing with mechanical stresses at the bone-implant interface is carried out. The obtained information were further used in the analysis of bone tissue density and in the strain-stress analysis of three geometrically different jaws with an implant placed in the first molar region. Bone density was evaluated based on information obtained from CT scans of the individual jaws. For evaluation of the deformation-stress states was used computational modelling using the finite element method. Three models of jaw geometries were created based on CT images. The implant was loaded from masticatory forces at the moment of bite. Based on the results, it can be stated that the shape and thickness of the cortical bone tissue and the density of spongiosis have a significant influence on the deformation-stress states of the bone-implant interface.
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Histology of bone tissue in anthropological applications
Valíková, Zuzana ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Cagáňová, Veronika (referee)
Bone is a hard mineralized structure forming the body support. The histological arrangement consists of bone cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts) and extracellular matrix. Arrangement of bone in vertebrates is different. We can distinguish the bones that occur in humans. As acellular bone. Or bones that in humans, occurring only a few - such as pneumatized bones. To research human bones using different animal models and each has its typical use. Key words: Bone tissue, histology, bone structure, animal models
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Comparative analysis of physiological, degenerative and postoperative lumbar spine using computational modeling
Krejbychová, Adéla ; Návrat, Tomáš (referee) ; Vosynek, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the comparative analysis of the physiological, degenerative and postoperative state of the lumbar spine. The problem was solved by computational modeling using the finite element method. For this solution, it was necessary to create appropriate computational models. The spine physiological state was compared with cases of the lumbar spine with different levels of spondylolisthesis, cases of the lumbar spine with different sacral angles, and cases of lumbar spine with applied fixators. Based on the performed analyses, it was found that spine degenerative state has a great influence on the distribution of stress in the vertebral discs and the vertebra itself. Compared to the physiological state, with increasing level of the spondylolisthesis the stress in the vertebral discs increases, while the stress in the vertebral section decreases. Furthermore, the spondylolisthesis affects the force flow. The higher the level of the spondylolisthesis, the more the force flow is shifted onto the posterior articular ligaments. The best results in terms of the spine physiological state were achieved with the applied fixator model.
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Serum concentration of vitamin D in patients with femoral neck fracture
Matoušková, Karolína ; Wenchich, László (advisor) ; Zikán, Vít (referee)
Vitamin D significantly affects metabolism of the bone tissue. It keeps homeostasis of calcium and phosphor and thus contributes to healthier mineralization of bones. Lack of those substances pertains to risk factors for development of osteoporosis and subsequent complications during possible downfalls and fractures. The role of vitamin D in bone disease has been increasing in recent years, but its importance in the early post-fracture period is not yet fully understood. This thesis is a prospective study of metabolism of vitamin D and its metabolites in post-operative stage of patients with femoral neck fractures. It is a basic quantitative research, where received data are analysed. Blood samples obtained from a total of 18 patients, whose blood was taken on the day of surgery and 6 weeks after surgery (± 1 week), were used as material. Resulted values of 25-OH vitamin D increased from 23,02 ± 16,02 nmol/l to 25,75 ± 16,30 nmol/l (diameter ± standard deviation). In contrast, 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D decreased from 76,81 ± 41,84 pmol/l to 55,88 ± 26,34 pmol/l. Statistically significant results at a significance level of p≤0,05 were only observed for parathyroid hormone (PTH), with values decreasing from 6,31 ± 3,95 pmol/l to 3,96 ± 2,25 pmol/l. Vitamin D examinations in our patients showed reduced...
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Effect of elevated levels of corticoid hormones on child growth and bone tissue
Brusová, Adéla ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
The Bachelor's thesis deals with the elevated level of glucocorticoid hormones and their effect on bone tissue. In particular, reasons which cause hypercorticoisms in human body genetic diseases, tumors, autoimmune diseases, and so forth, are described in detail. Asthma and other diseases are treated by glucorticoid and increase hypercorticoism. This autoimmune disease are treated by glucocorticoid and increase the hypercorticoism. Therefore, this thesis focuses on research process consists of multiple scientific studies including the impact of glucocorticoid hormones on bone tissue, endocrine system hypothalamus-hypophyse-IGF-I and influence of endocrine system on child's growth. The main benefit of the Bachelor's thesis is the description of the outcome of inhalation glucocorticoid hormones on body height in childhood.
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Effect of elevated levels of corticoid hormones on child growth and bone tissue
Brusová, Adéla ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
This Bachelor's thesis examines the effect of elevated level of corticoid hormons on growing organism. The negative effect of glucocorticoid hormones and their derivates is evidenced especially on child growth and growth of bone density. Primary source of the elevated level of corticoids in organism are medicaments. The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of the glucocorticoids are used in medical treatment of various diseases (infections, chronical diseases - especially GIT, autoimmune diseases etc.). The rare source of the hypercorticoidism in childhood are hormonally active tumors (the tumor of the adrenal cortex). The main part of the Bachelor's thesis deals with impact of long-term inhalation of glucocorticoid hormones on body height and quality of bone tissue of the patients with astma bronchiale.
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Histology of bone tissue in anthropological applications
Valíková, Zuzana ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Cagáňová, Veronika (referee)
Bone is a hard mineralized structure forming the body support. The histological arrangement consists of bone cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts) and extracellular matrix. Arrangement of bone in vertebrates is different. We can distinguish the bones that occur in humans. As acellular bone. Or bones that in humans, occurring only a few - such as pneumatized bones. To research human bones using different animal models and each has its typical use. Key words: Bone tissue, histology, bone structure, animal models
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Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient with polytrauma.
Hons, Ondřej ; Novotná, Irena (advisor) ; Křížková, Štěpánka (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient with polytrauma. Summary: The general part of the bachelor thesis deals with the topic of polytrauma. For a better understanding of this issue here will be briefly and chronologically described how to care for the affected patient with polytrauma. The possible damage to the tissue and its healing. I focused mainly on the bone tissue and its complication with emphasis on bone fractures. I deal in detail the anatomy of the bone tissue, its function, blood supply, and especially the very fractures, its healing and rebuilding. I also deal with the disturbances of bone healing and other possible complications associated with this issue. Finally i discuss general physiotherapy procedures and its usage in the diagnosis. In the practical part of the thesis there will be described case study of the patient treated for polytrauma. The case study contains kinesiological analysis, therapeutic units and evaluation of their effect. Keywords: polytrauma, bone tissue, bone fracture, bone healing, physiotherapeutic methods, therapy
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Methylene-bis(phosphonate) derivatives for modification of biomolecules
David, Tomáš ; Lorenc, Miroslav (referee) ; Kubíček, Vojtěch (advisor)
5 Title: Methylene-bis(phosphonate) Derivatives for Modification of Biomolecules Author: Tomáš David Department: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Supervisor: RNDr. Vojtěch Kubíček, Ph.D. Supervisor's e-mail address: vvvojta@seznam.cz Abstract The aim of this work was to prepare derivatives of methylen-bis(phosphonic) acid. Thirty compounds (from which 29 are new) were prepared with moderate or good yields. All compounds were fully characterized by NMR and MS. Four new crystal structures were obtained by RTG monocrystal analysis. Derivative containing 4-nitrobenzyl group in the side chain was used for study of bis(phosphonates) adsorption parametres to hydroxyapatite (with quantification by UV-Vis spectroscopy). Several derivatives containing characteristic functi- onal groups (-NH2, -COOH, -NCS) were prepared. These compound are suitable for further derivatization, mainly for conjugation with more complex structures through amide bond or thiourea bridge. Conjugates of building blocks with fluorescent probe (fluorescein and dansyl) were prepared for potencial optical imaging. Further modification of one of the dansyl derivative afforded trifunctional molecule - contating bis(phosphonate) as a vector for a bone tissue, a fluorescent probe for a possible fluorescent imaging and a free...
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