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Blood collecting yesterday and today
STOLARIKOVÁ, Pavlína
Blood collection is nowadays a common procedure, especially nurse's. The nurses encounter blood donations almost every day of their service. This procedure is especially important for physicians, who, based on laboratory results, can diagnose pathological conditions and subsequently indicate appropriate treatment. This bachelor thesis called Blood collection in the past and today is processed as a theoretical work. According to the title of the thesis, it is clear that it is focused on blood collection and other problems related to it. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the development and related changes in blood collection performance using available sources. Specifically, the aim is to analyze how the procedure itself and the tools used for blood collection have changed. The thesis is processed by an analysis of available primary and secondary sources of historical and current data. Blood collection is of course related to blood, whose physiology is described in the work. The procedure of blood collection is related to laboratory examination, which is also mentioned in this thesis. The aim is to analyze the sources describing the development of blood collection and tools used for it. The paper also mentions the topic of transfusion medicine and nursing education, which is closely related to the performance of blood collection within the competence of nurses, whose form has changed over the years. The thesis has been elaborated using available Czech and foreign literary sources, databases and articles from professional periodicals. A comprehensive theoretical basis has been developed, which can be used in practice especially as a study and information material for professional and general society. Based on an analysis of sources, it has been found that blood collection has changed both during the development of nursing and medicine itself, and due to many industrial, technical and political influences.
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Network Optimization of Transfusion Sites in the Czech Republic
Konderlová, Nicolle ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Svěráková, Veronika (referee)
This thesis is about medical transfusion sphere, which has nowadays many deficits - as the other spheres in medical industry. Target of this thesis is a proposal of new equipment structure in transfusion service in the Czech Republic, which will be more effective then the existing one and which occurs a reduction of blood processing department. It includes not only calculation of basic expenses needed for installation new system and ensure operations for 5 years and comparison of both variants, but it includes also proposal of centralized managing and changes of staff secure of production process.
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Nurse and biological sample collection
HUBENÁ, Marcela
The Title of the Bachelor's Thesis: Nurse and biological sample collection The Basic Theoretical Outcomes: The collection of biological material is one of the most frequently performed task of a nurse. In order to perform the collection correctly, the nurse needs to know nursing techniques, either from the standards of the ward where the nurse works or from professional literature. Biological material (produced in the human organism) includes blood, urine, faeces, sputum, vomit, gastric content, body fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid. Before a medical intervention, it is always important to inform the patient about the procedure (Mikšová, 2006). The Aims of the Thesis: The aim of this thesis was to find whether nurses follow the correct method in blood and urine collection. The following research questions were formulated: 1. What are the most common errors in urine collection? 2. What errors do nurses make in blood collection? Methodology: The empirical part of the thesis was carried out on the basis of qualitative research. The hidden observation method was chosen as the technique for data collection. Collected data was entered into beforehand prepared sheets which included a precise method of venous and capillary blood collection and catheterization of urinary bladder (permanent and one-time) in women. The observation was conducted in March 2015 in standard wards and ICU wards in České Budějovice hospital, a.s. The research sample consisted of 26 general nurses. 12 of them were observed during venous blood collection and 6 of them during capillary blood collection. 2 nurses were observed during urine collection by means of one-time catheterization of urinary bladder in women; 6 nurses during urine collection by means of permanent catheterization of urinary bladder in women. Results: The observation sheets were filled in during the observed collection. Subsequently, categorization tables were created where the ranking of the most common errors in blood and urine collection was represented. The nurses made the following errors during blood collection: not underlying the limb by a protective pad (= incomplete preparation of blood collection tools and failure to check the tools), not washing their hands before and after the procedure, poorly disinfected skin at the site of injection, not using protective gloves, inserting the test tubes into the adapter in incorrect order, applying the tourniquet for more than a minute. The nurses made the following errors in capillary blood collection: not using protective gloves, not washing their hands before the procedure, not wiping the first drop of blood, not preparing all blood collection tools (namely, not using a capillary), poorly disinfected skin at the site of injection, not washing their hands after the procedure. The following errors were observed in the nurses during urine collection by means of catheterization: not arranging for the women to wash their genitals, not washing their hands before the procedure, not arranging for the client to be in an intimate environment before the procedure, incomplete preparation of collection tools and subsequent failure to check the tools before the procedure. Conclusion: The results show that nurses do not follow the correct method of blood and urine collection. They make errors that can lead to poor diagnosis of the examined sample, and, therefore, to a poor diagnosis and treatment of the illness. They do not protect themselves with protective gloves during blood collection. The results of this thesis were consulted with a manager from České Budějovice hospital, a.s. Mgr. Monika Kyselová MBA.
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The role of pediatric nurse and midwife in the laboratory screening of newborns
CHVÁTALOVÁ, Lenka
Newborn laboratory screening represents a pro-active blanket search for diseases in their early, pre-clinical stages. It uses an analysis of a dried blood drop on filtration paper. The blood is taken under specific conditions from all newborns born on the territory of the Czech Republic. The blood samples are collected by midwives and pediatric nurses, who are responsible for correct execution of the test. In 2009 the number of screened diseases increased from nine to thirteen. The samples are accompanied with double NCR cards to record all data about the newborn and the conditions of blood collection, including an NCR copy of demographical data. The midwife or pediatric nurse shall instruct the mother who should be present during the blood collection. In the theoretical part the author deals with the history of newborn screening, characteristics of the newborn screening and its principles, tested diseases, preparation, procedure and care after the test. The practical part used a combination of quantitative and qualitative research survey. The quantitative survey used inquiring with a questionnaire technique. The objective number 1 of the survey was to map the knowledge of pediatric nurses/midwifes about laboratory screening of newborns. The objective 1 was fulfilled. The hypothesis formulated in connection with the objective was: Pediatric nurses and midwives are familiar with the principles of laboratory screening. The hypothesis was confirmed. The research technique used for the qualitative survey was an in-depth interview. The objective number 2 was to map obstacles to the laboratory screening of newborns from the viewpoint of pediatric nurses and midwives. The objective 2 was fulfilled. The research question formulated in connection with the objective was: What are the obstacles to the collection of samples for laboratory screening of newborns? The research question was answered. The most frequent obstacles are poor blood flow, necessity to make more than one puncture and the fact that one prescribed drop of blood may not be sufficient for the testing. This bachelor degree thesis may serve as a source of information and study material for students of midwifery. The results of the research may be used as a teaching material at the University of South Bohemia.
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