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Analysis of Blood Donation Phenomenon in the Czech Republic
Košťálová, Romana ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kandilaki, Daniela (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of blood donation and it has a total of fifteen parts. The first chapter describes theoretical knowledges of motivational factors, altruism and economic view on it. It is followed by informations about the history of blood donation and treatments with blood, anatomy of blood and blood groups. The section of blood donation provides general informations about conditions of donation, resulting benefits, risks for donor and recipient and commercial collection of plasma. The thesis focuses especially on the blood market in the Czech Republic in terms of legislation, supply of blood, its evaluation and ultimately safety of blood. At the end there are published results of the questionnaire survey. Its aim was to find out how the public is looking at blood donation, its promotion, safety and reasons to donate or not to donate blood.
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BLOOD MARKET - HOW HEALTH SERVICE RELIES ON DONOR´S ALTRUISM
Šálek, Jakub ; Šíma, Josef (advisor) ; Houdek, Petr (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the issues of the blood donation and the regulation of trade in blood and blood derivatives. It is generally known that the blood taking is in the majority based upon altruism of donors. Society perceives paid blood taking donations as an unethical and an immoral. Besides, paid donations are in violation of a worldwide long term efforts that have been trying to prohibit a monetary remuneration. A related question is whether the unpaid donations can satisfy the increasing demand for blood, and what sort of problems a state regulation bears. The first part of this work provides us a brief historical development of blood transfusion, which is further connected to economic theory and modified to the market in blood; particularly to the theory of price regulation and product (quality). The second part focuses on a comparison of three different markets and discussion of altruism and donations issue.
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Qualitative investigation of nursing practice for blood donations
NEUMANNOVÁ, Jana
Venous blood sampling poses one of the basic professional skills of a nurse. As in other fields of medical professions, new techniques, standards, instruments and auxiliary instruments are steadily developed here. Their use in practice should facilitate the work of nurses, increase the comfort of patients and, last but not least, increase the costs of health centres and hospitals resulting from repeated samplings and consequently repeated analyses of blood samples. The obtained blood test results facilitate the diagnosis as well as the monitoring process of the individual treatment effectiveness. When taking blood samples, nurses should comply with the current nursing standards ensuring that the result of the given venous blood sampling is correct and non-distorted by an incorrect venepuncture. A violation of the nursing standard may endanger the health safety of both the patient and the nurse. This baccalaureate work monitors the compliance of stipulated nursing standards related to blood sampling. The research was carried out within the surgical ward of the Klatovy Hospital. The monitoring method of disguised participating observation and consequent interviews with monitored nurses was selected. Thus, the research questions could be sufficiently answered. The first question was focussed on the rate of compliance with the principles of correct venous blood sampling. The observations showed that nurses not always proceed in compliance with the appropriate venous blood sampling standards. The second research question dealt with the sampling safety standards both in terms of the patient and the nurse. The research results suggest that nurses are not always fully aware of their own or patient's safety issues. The nurses are not yet sufficiently skilled in the application of protective equipment. The third research question was focussed on the individual preferences of the available sampling techniques. The results of the interviews with nurses suggest that nurses tend to prefer the closed technique. The ward sister of the surgical ward as well as the deputy executive manager for nursing issues of the Klatovy Hospital shall be made acquainted with the results of my research. I plan to propose to hold a seminar in the co-operation with the staff of the clinical biochemistry ward of the Klatovy Hospital.
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Vliv kreatinu aplikovaného jako potravinový doplněk na exkreci homocysteinu do krve a kyseliny thiodiglykolové do moře
Přistoupilová, K. ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Šenholdová, Z. ; Přistoupil, T. I. ; Heyrovský, Michael ; Kohlíková, E. ; Petr, M. ; Pelclová, D.
Single-dose food supplementation of creatine (5 g of creatine per day), commonly used by sportsmen, affects their metabolism of thiocompounds and of some compounds in blood and in urine, the metabolism of which is connected with the synthesis of creatine or with its usage in the body. In blood the levels of folates, vitamin B12, homocysteine, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, uric acid, cortizol, and testosterone were followed. In urine the changes in levels of creatine, creatinine, thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA), and pH were followed. The results were accomplished by data of bioimpedance measurements (body mass, muscle mass, body fat, intra- and extracellular fluids, total body water content, protein content, fitness score). It was found that according to the changes in creatine levels before and after administration of creatine in course of one month, it was possible to divide the subjects under study into four groups.
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Vliv kreatinu na koordinaci močovinového a citrátového cyklu
Kohlíková, E. ; Petr, M. ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Šenholdová, Z. ; Přistoupilová, K. ; Přistoupil, T. I. ; Heyrovský, Michael ; Pelclová, D.
Creatine is recommended to be administered as food supplement, which should fortify its natural formation. It is supposed that human organism utilizes this compound for creatine phosphate formation, which is necessary for energy supplementation for muscular work. It was shown that the metabolic ways are more complicated than had been supposed. The changes in thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) excretion into urine proved that application of creatine affects the metabolism of thiocompounds and two-carbon units, i.e., levels of homocysteine and glycine in blood, and of TDGA in urine. From our results, obtained in experiments with a group of 11 young men, who were supplemented by creatine for one month, it was confirmed that the dependence interrelationship among thiocompounds, vitamin B12, folates, cholesterol, and other complex is more complicated than had been supposed. For better understanding of the role of creatine in general metabolism, ...
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