|
|
Black carbon measuruments comparison
Vítová, Jana ; Zíková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Vondráková Pokorná, Petra (referee)
This thesis focuses on comparing three devices designed for measuring equivalent black carbon (referred to as eBC - equivalent black carbon), specifically the MAAP instrument (Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer) model 5012, the Aethalometer model AE33, and a semi-continuous analyzer of organic and elemental carbon. The instruments collected eBC concentrations at the Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences (Ústav chemických procesů AV ČR, v.v.i.) in the northwest of Prague from October 4, 2021, to September 30, 2022. Initially, total eBC concentrations were compared between all mentioned instruments using the non-parametric Wilcoxon test. Subsequently, daily, weekly, and annual variations in BC were determined. Finally, values of the Ångström absorption coefficient, mass absorption cross section (MAC), and harmonization factor C, which had not been determined for the mentioned measurement area, were calculated. For all instruments, a mutual agreement was found, confirmed by correlation coefficients: AE33 and MAAP with r=0.88, AE33 and OC/EC with r=0.83, and MAAP and OC/EC with r=0.76. The coefficients of determination between individual instruments were also obtained: AE33 and OC/EC with Rš=0.68, OC/EC and MAAP with Rš=0.57, and AE33 and MAAP with Rš=0.77. The...
|
|
|
Vertical distribution of black carbon (BC)
Julaha, Kajal
Black Carbon (BC) is one of the leading contributors affecting our climate system. Absorbing at all visible wavelengths results in a warmer environment and thus has been considered the second most important contributor to global warming after carbon dioxide. The primary sources of BC aerosol are the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass burning. However, the composition of atmospheric aerosols varies with the height above the Earth’s surface. Recent studies have shown significant uncertainties (about 25%) in model simulations of the vertical BC distribution, both on the regional and global levels. BC’s vertical transport is suggested to be one area where the models still differ significantly,4,5 highlighting further investigation.
Plný tet:  PDF
|
|
|
Anthracological analysis of chernozems in Czechia
Danková, Lenka ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Zádorová, Tereza (referee)
This thesis deals with a pedogenesis of chernozems in Czechia (Central Europe). It solves a problem with open landscapes in Central Europe, further a role of man and fires in formation of this soils and relation between colour of chernozems and the content of black carbon. In my thesis is represented pedoanthracology as a method, which can be useful for future study of open landscapes in Central Europe and for an influence of man. In this thesis, there were also analysed two chernozemic soils with Raman spektrometry. It was found out, that chernozems was probably formed under forest-steppe vegetation with residue of post glacial steppe. Anthropogenic activity and fires could be new factors of pedogenesis of Central European chernozems. It was showed a strong relation between colour and content of BC. Raman spectrometry found a presence of BC in our analysed soils.
|
|
|
Anthracology and NMR spectroscopy in Palaeoecological Research of Chernozems
Danková, Lenka ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with black carbon, its characteristic features and with its occurrence in chernozemic soils. In particular, this thesis deals with methods, which can study presence of black carbon in soils. The presence of black carbon and the whole composition of soil organic matter of three chernozemic soils in Czechia (Zeměchy, Tursko, Syrovice) is examined by 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Anthracological analysis of charcoal from fossil chernozems of Zemechy loess ravine deals with pedogenesis of chernozems and development of Quaternary vegetation in Central Europe. Coniferous tree species of Pinus sp., Pinus cf. cembra, Larix/Picea, Juniperus a Vaccicium, i.e. cold- and drought-tolerant taxa, were identified by anthracological analysis of soils of Zemechy loess ravine. The identified species suggest that the landscape around Zemechy was probably formed by parkland taiga. According to 13 C NMR spectroscopy, soil organic matter of fossil chernozem of Zemechy loess ravine consists particularly of alkyl and O-alkyl carbon. Aromatic carbon is also significant. O-alkyl carbon is the most important in the recent chernozems of Tursko and Syrovice. Aromatic carbon has the smallest proportion in both chernozems. The presence of aromatic carbon in chernozem of Tursko is the smallest of all analyzed soils. The...
|
|
|
A 5 year´s source apportionment study of black carbon from biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion at a rural background site
Mbengue, Saliou ; Šerfözö, Norbert ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Zíková, Naděžda ; Holubová, Adéla ; Holoubek, Ivan
The impacts of Black Carbon (BC) on adverse public health and Earth’s climate system have been recognized and evidenced in recent decades. Most of the studies on BC were conducted in urban/traffic areas. There are relatively few studies using real-time measurements of BC at rural background areas, especially in Central Europe. This study is a 5-year characterization of BC from biomass burning (BCbb) and fossil fuel combustion (BCff) at the National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice (49°35ʹ N, 15°05ʹ E), in central Czech Republic. The measurements of BC in PM10 were performed at 4 m above the ground with a multiple wavelength aethalometer (AE31, Magee Scientific). Paralell measurement of trace gases (NO2, NOx and SO2), biomass burning tracers (levoglucosan and mannosan) and meteorological parameters (temperature, wind speed and direction) were also performed at the station.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22019110512331 - PDF
|
|
|
ESA of the old charcoal kiln
Macounová, Kristina ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Strouhalová, Barbora (referee)
The topic of this dissertation is the assessment of the black carbon in the soil. The soil samples were collected in the Brdy area. Relics of charcoal kilns from the 17th - 18th centuries occur there in some places. A part and parcel of this paper is the literature search of the black carbon in the soil, of the history of burning charcoal and of the general characterization of the site where the terrain measurements were in progress. The measuring specification is a part of this paper, too. The results showed changes of physical and chemical characteristics between original forest soils and soils enriched by the black carbon. These soils in the beech forest showed approximately pH 4,7, while soils in the spruce forest showed pH 3,7 on the average. Original soils in the beech forest were more acid by 1 pH unit, and the original soils in the spruce forest were by 0,3 pH more acid. The bulk density of the original soils was 1,28 g/cm3 on the average, and the soils enriched by black carbon decreased to 0,68 g/cm3 on the average. Key words: coal kiln, Brdy, Black carbon, Elementary soil area
|
|
|
Anthracology and NMR spectroscopy in Palaeoecological Research of Chernozems
Danková, Lenka ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with black carbon, its characteristic features and with its occurrence in chernozemic soils. In particular, this thesis deals with methods, which can study presence of black carbon in soils. The presence of black carbon and the whole composition of soil organic matter of three chernozemic soils in Czechia (Zeměchy, Tursko, Syrovice) is examined by 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Anthracological analysis of charcoal from fossil chernozems of Zemechy loess ravine deals with pedogenesis of chernozems and development of Quaternary vegetation in Central Europe. Coniferous tree species of Pinus sp., Pinus cf. cembra, Larix/Picea, Juniperus a Vaccicium, i.e. cold- and drought-tolerant taxa, were identified by anthracological analysis of soils of Zemechy loess ravine. The identified species suggest that the landscape around Zemechy was probably formed by parkland taiga. According to 13 C NMR spectroscopy, soil organic matter of fossil chernozem of Zemechy loess ravine consists particularly of alkyl and O-alkyl carbon. Aromatic carbon is also significant. O-alkyl carbon is the most important in the recent chernozems of Tursko and Syrovice. Aromatic carbon has the smallest proportion in both chernozems. The presence of aromatic carbon in chernozem of Tursko is the smallest of all analyzed soils. The...
|
|
|
Anthracological analysis of chernozems in Czechia
Danková, Lenka ; Zádorová, Tereza (referee) ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor)
This thesis deals with a pedogenesis of chernozems in Czechia (Central Europe). It solves a problem with open landscapes in Central Europe, further a role of man and fires in formation of this soils and relation between colour of chernozems and the content of black carbon. In my thesis is represented pedoanthracology as a method, which can be useful for future study of open landscapes in Central Europe and for an influence of man. In this thesis, there were also analysed two chernozemic soils with Raman spektrometry. It was found out, that chernozems was probably formed under forest-steppe vegetation with residue of post glacial steppe. Anthropogenic activity and fires could be new factors of pedogenesis of Central European chernozems. It was showed a strong relation between colour and content of BC. Raman spectrometry found a presence of BC in our analysed soils.
|
guest ::
