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Optimization of biocompatible Ti/hydroxyapatite-based composite blends fabrication
Slovák, Tomáš ; Matějková, Michaela (referee) ; Čížek, Jan (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis deals with optimalization of biocompatible composite mixtures based on titanium and hydroxyapatite. The theoretical part is focused on biomaterials, specifying Ti and HA in more detail. The following section pertains to the principle of mechanical alloying. Preparation of the biocompatible composite mixtures by mechanical alloying and their following analyses are described in the experimental part. Results obtained in the experimental part are summarized in the discussion.
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Silicon substituted calcium phosphate based bioceramic scaffolds
Karkuszová, Karina ; Šťastná, Eva (referee) ; Novotná, Lenka (advisor)
The theoretical part of this bachelor thesis summarizes the current state of knowledge of bioceramic materials based on calcium, phosphorus and silicon. More specifically, it focuses on calcium phosphates, the demands placed on them, the porosity of 3D foams, and biological properties such as biodegradation and bioactivity. 3D bioceramic calcium phosphate foam doped with silicon appears to be a suitable material for use in biomedical applications. It is the silicon that plays a role in the development of healthy bone and the formation of new tissue. Silicon substitutions are important in the field of investigation because they improve the bioassay of phosphate calcium. In the experimental part, calcium phosphate powders were first prepared by the hydroxyapatite and silica fusion reaction. Selected powder contents were 0; 0.1; 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 wt.% SiO2. The samples were sintered at 1100 °C, 1200 °C and 1300 °C. The second part consisted in the preparation of 3D foams by direct penetration with polyurethane and the subsequent characteristics of phase composition, solubility and bioactivity. Bioceramic foams had a highly porous structure. For 42 days, sample behavior in Tris-HCl and simulated body fluid (SBF) was monitored. The results of the experiment have shown that the samples are bioactive and silicon substitution increases phosphate calcium solubility. Therefore, these materials are potentially useful for biomedical applications
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Lanthanocene Catalysts for Synthesis of Polymers Applicable in Medicine
Slanina, Ondřej ; Kábelová, Božena (referee) ; Richtera, Lukáš (advisor)
The theoretic part of the thesis focuses on materials used in medicine. The metallic, ceramic, glass-ceramic and polymer materials are systematically described. The biocompatibility of the materials and possible threads of their usage for manufacturing of medicinal devices and implants are emphasized in the discussion. The work is focused especially on polymer materials. Different types of polymerizations are summarized with the accent on the preparation of biodegradable materials. In the practical part the synthesis of two organometallic bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) sandwich complexes with holmium and gadolinium as a central atom designed for preparation of materials suitable for biomedicine is proposed.
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Bone implants based on Fe
Bachmayer, Marek ; Vondrák, Jiří (referee) ; Sedlaříková, Marie (advisor)
This thesis deals with usage of metal materials in bone implats creation process. This work also includes information about structure and attributes of bones, body fluids and content of iron in human organism. Following part of the paper deals with osteosynthesis, therefore commonly used methods of treating bone defects. Next part of this bachelor’s thesis is discussing the issue of biomaterials, biocompatibility and biodegradability of metal materials. Sample preparion procedure and description of samples, electrochemical corrosion and microscopic observation is included altogether with a pictorial documentation at the last chapters of this paper.
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Polymeric biocompatible materials
Matlák, Jiří ; Stránský, Lubomír (referee) ; Molliková, Eva (advisor)
The aim of the bachelor’s thesis is polymeric biocompatible materials. In the first part the problematic of the biocompatible materials is discussed and the basic terms are explained. In the next part are described polymeric materials and their chemical composition, mechanical and chemical properties and examples of applications.
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Hydrogel matrices and nerve regeneration
Šindel, Matej ; Mravec, Filip (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
Bachelor‘s Thesis is dealing with hydrogel materials appropriate for regeneration of neural tissue or neural tissue engineering. Contains two main parts. First part summarize results of literature research, which points out the complexity of neural system and reveals different demands of individual parts inside neural system. Second part describe simple experiments, where ability of preparation hydrogels using template with linear channels was checked. These linear channels could be filled with another hydrogel, but with different properties. Furthermore, the diffusion of model dyes in prepared linear channels was observed.
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On the advanced production technology of UHMWPE joint implant part
Urbancová, Kateřina ; Sliwková, Petra (referee) ; Píška, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is dealing with the problematics of individual joint replacements. The thesis summarizes the modern materials used for making artificial joint replacements, but it concentrates mainly on the plastic femoro-tibial part of the implant, usually manufactured from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. This material is the best choice when manufacturing the articulating surface of the joint replacement at the moment. The thesis pays attention to the polyethylene surface treatment, as the quality of the surface affects the wear of the plastic, which is critical for the implant lifespan. The thesis also focuses on analysis of the coefficient of friction of UHMWPE in contact with the titanium femoral component. Another part of this thesis is also a wear analysis of used tibial inserts made of UHMWPE and the mechanisms of wear.
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Ceramic materials applied in medicine - challenges and opportunities
Vitásek, Ladislav ; Sláma, Martin (referee) ; Novotná, Lenka (advisor)
This thesis deals with ceramic materials applied in medicine, mainly in orthopaedics and dentistry. The first part is focused on requirements and current state of biomaterials in bone tissue engineering and their advantages and disadvantages. Composite materials, where ceramic material is one component at least, are mentioned in the next part. Dense ceramics based on alumina and toughened zirconia is described in the separate part. The main part of this thesis deals with porous ceramic materials based on calcium phosphates. There are also defined scaffolds requirements such as porosity, mechanical and biological properties and moreover processing methods. The experimental part of this thesis has been devoted to the preparation of bioactive porous ceramic material based on hydroxyapatite and silica with improved properties. Samples with different amount of silica in structure (6-21 wt%) were fabricated by polymer replica technique. Prepared scaffolds with structure similar to cancellous bone can be promising candidates for using in bone tissue engineering applications.
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Bones implants based on Fe
Hávová, Mariana ; Vondrák, Jiří (referee) ; Sedlaříková, Marie (advisor)
This thesis refers to Fe-based biodegradable materials and their potencial aplications in medicine, especially as temporary bone implants. This work generaly summaries aplications of biomaterial in medicine with more interest kept on biodegradable materials and their in-vivo corrosion. The experimental part refers to conduction of porous Fe-based materials with silica addition. The structure of prepared specimens is identified by EDX and XRD analysis. The imersion test and electrochemical studies were conducted to observe corrosion behaviour with respect to different concentration of silica. Potenciodynamic curves were obtained to determine corrosion potencial and corrosion current density of prepared samples.
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X-ray nano computed tomography of structured polymeric biomaterials
Kalasová, Dominika ; Oberta,, Peter (referee) ; Kataja, Markku (referee) ; Kaiser, Jozef (advisor)
Tato práce se zaměřuje na pokročilou zobrazovací technologii, rentgenovou počítačovou tomografii (CT). Tato nedestruktivní technika je využívána pro výzkum různých biomateiálů ve tkáňovém inženýrství a materiálové vědě obecně (skafoldy, polymery, keramické materiály, kompozity aj.). Vizualizace a kvantifikace ve 3D jsou výhodné v rámci multidisciplinárního přístupu, který je často v těchto odvětvích uplatňován. Záměr této práce lze rozdělit do dvou oblastí. Prvním tématem je optimalizace měřicí procedury různých měkkých materiálů pomocí CT s laboratorními rentgenovými zdroji. To zahrnuje převážně zobrazování ve fázovém kontrastu, konkrétně metodu volného šíření záření (VŠZ). Tato práce teoreticky popisuje VŠZ a demonstruje tento jev na řadě experimentů. Následné nezbytné zpracování dat získaných VŠZ je implementováno a vyhodnoceno na základě míry zlepšení obrazových dat. Druhé téma ukazuje konkrétní aplikace CT v materiálovém inženýrství. Několik studií s různými CT zařízeními ukazuje příklady možných aplikací a obrazového zpracování. Příklady korelace CT dat s jinými doplňkovými technikami ukazují, jak může být CT aplikována v multioborovém přístupu ke komplexnímu řešení vědeckých problémů.
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