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Reasons for the global decline of insect populations
Váňová, Barbora ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of global decline in insect populations. Insects are one of the most numerous and diversified groups of animals in the world. This community plays irreplaceable roles in nature, contributing to the proper functioning of the entire ecosystem. However, fairly compelling evidence has now begun to emerge of long-term insect declines around the world. These declines are caused by many causes and factors that contribute to varying degrees of decline in the abundance and diversity of insect populations, and are often interrelated. The aim of this thesis is therefore to provide an overview of this global problem, and in particular its main causes. The topic has been elaborated through the study of scientific literature and subsequent presentation of the impact of individual factors on specific insect species or groups. It was found that the main reasons for the decline of insect populations are the loss of natural habitats, pollution, the spread of invasive species and pathogens, climate crisis and light pollution. Keywords: insect decline, population, biodiversity, biomass, agriculture, land use, global change
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Interaction of myricetin with human gut microflora
Hucková, Pavlína ; Hodek, Petr (advisor) ; Killer, Jiří (referee)
The intestinal microbiome contributes in immune system function. It contains a large number of microorganisms that interact with each other and thus affect the host. Currently, attention is being directed towards investigating the influence of the intestinal microbiome on hosts, but also on foreign substances. Foreign substances may influence its composition and subsequent microbial metabolism. Crohn's disease patients have been found to have lower bacterial representation of beneficial bacteria. Therefore it is appropriate to examine the intestinal microbiome of these patients and so understand in greater detail the influence of bacteria on the course of the disease progression and on the medication used. The RP-HPLC method were analysed the faecal samples collected (B, C, D), which were incubated at 0, 3 and 6 hours. The incubation took place the addition of myricetin in the McDougall buffer and BHI medium. The analysis was found that myricetin degradation takes place in faecal samples during incubation, regardless of the medium used. In the faecal sample B, degradation of myricetin occurs faster in the BHI medium than in the McDougall's buffer. In faecal samples C and D, degradation is similar in both media. From these results, it is impossible to judge which medium is more suitable for...
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Diverzita makrozoobentosu v Evropsky významné lokalitě výskytu raka kamenáče (Austropotamobius torrentium)
PEŘINOVÁ, Eliška
The "Zákolanský potok" takes part in European nature program Special Area of Conservation because of the presence of stone crayfish (Austropotamobius torentium), which is listed as threatened species. The area around brook is intensively agriculturally cultivated. Water from wastewater treatments plants is drained to the local brooks. The aim of the work was to describe diversity of macrozoobenthos on the brook called "Zákolanský potok". Further aim was to evaluate the ecological condition of the watercourse using biotic indexes. The samples of macrobenthos were taken from three profiles in five sampling periods. Profile 1 was control, profile 2 was under the wastewater treatments plants and the third profile was placed down the stream. Diversity, biomass, saprobic index, BMWP, and ASTP scores were evaluated for the community of macrozoobenthos. The saprobic index was evaluated to the beta-mezosaprobity value (2.0-2.4) in the first profile, the saprobic index on the second profile showed a relatively wide range from worse oligosaprobity to worse beta-mesosaprobity (1.2-2.4). On the third profile, the saprobic index ranged from better beta-mesosaprobity to better alpha-mesosaprobity (1.6-2.6). The BMWP and ASPT scores in all profiles refer to medium to low quality aquatic environments. The diversity of the community gained the best values on the 3rd profile, here was found with one more taxon than on the 1st profile. With increasing organic load, diversity decreased on the 2nd profile, although a more sensitive species was found here.
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The influence of pratotechnical way of use on species composition and characteristics of selected permanent grasslands
HAŠKOVCOVÁ, Petra
The aim of this work is to assess the influence of mowing and grazing with different frequency and fertilization on species composition, fodder value and bimas production. The experiment was carried out at the village of Hrazany, district of Písek in 2017. The ecological conditions of grasslands, terms and intensity of use, biomass production, botanical composition and species diversity were monitored on these parcels. The data obtained was used to calculate the Hill's Diversity Index, calculate the pasture load, and calculate the yield in dry matter. Non-fertilized plots reach the lowest yields. Most grasses are located on the soil fertilized with urine. The smallest disturbance and shortcomings appear on the pasture with the finch pasture. The values were statistically processed.
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Genetic diversity of cattle in Czech Republic
ČERVINKA, Václav
The thesis deals with genetic diversity in the Czech Republic. Firstly domestication of livestock in general and then domestication of cattle is decribed. History of cattle in the Czech Republic, the importance of cattle breeding and last but not least the condition of cattle in the Czech Republic is also introduced. The thesis is also focused on biodiversity, threats to biodiversity and its conservation and the levels of diversity are also specified. Genetic markers,microsatellites, minisatellites, SNP, polymorphic structural genes and also mutations are described. The cattle breeds farmed in the Czech Republic are specified next. The National Programme, genetic resources and genetic resources in the Czech Republic are evaluated. Finally genetic resources of " česká červinka" and "český strakatý skot" are described.
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Genetics resources of spelt and their use and potential for organic farming in Europe
HŮDA, Petr
The diploma thesis deals with problems of available genetic resources of spelt(Triticum spelta L.) in Europe, their structure at the European level, including the spread of cultivation of spelt, varieties and development of spelt plantations in European countries. The work presents evaluation of small parcel of land experiments conducted on certified organic land in the Czech republic and Austria with a focus on morphological, biological, economic and quality characters in landraces of spring spelt. In Europe not only spelt is grown in organic farming, but with respect to the assignment of the work was mainly just data from organic farming statistics used to present the results of this work. The results of this work is apparent steady state of spelt plantations in Europe, the availability of genetic resources of spelt, spelt suitability for cultivation in organic farming system and its potential for multiple uses in the food industry, especially for the production of organic products.
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Structure of genetics resources and the actual use of spelta (\kur{Triticum spelta} L.) in the Czech Republic
HŮDA, Petr
The work is dealt with the analysis of the structure of genetic resources of spelt (\kur{Triticum spelta} L.), then the current state of cultivation and utilization of this cereal. The review of literature focuses on the orign, distribution, agricultural engineering and breending programmes of spelt. In the Czech Republic spelt is usually grown in organic farming. Data from the statistics of organic farming and data from the database EVIGEZ are used to present the results of this work. The results of this work show an obvious increase of production areas, spelt production and increased interest in products of this crop.
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Effect of grazing in submoutain regions on biodiversity of invertebrates - epigeic beetles.
RUTTA, Petr
Diplomová práce se zabývá biodiverzitou epigeických brouků na pastvinách nacházejících se v podhorských oblastech Šumavy. Srovnává jak se mění biodiverzita společenstev již zmíněných brouků v oblastech s různou intenzitou pastevního zatížení. Odchyt byl prováděn na dvou odchytových místech pomocí zemních pastí. V práci je zjištováno srovnání biodiverzity společenstev epigeických brouků v oblastech s různým zatížení pastvou, porovnání s dosavadními výsledky, antropogenní ovlivnění stanovišť a ordinace druhů na pozemku.
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