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Ekologicko-produkčné hodnotenie štrukturálnej prebierky v bukových porastoch na ŠLP Křtiny
Stančík, Patrik
This thesis is devoted to the research of the influence of structural thinning in 77 year old beech and 60 year old oak stand on the territory of the Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Křtiny (TFE – MF Křtiny). The aim of the thesis is to observe the effect of performing an educational intervention by structural thinning with different intensities, namely a harvesting intervention in which different amounts of competing trees were removed in favour of selected target individuals. The main aspect monitored was the annual thickness increment in the three different versions of the intervention from the establishment of the experimental plot in 2013, the implementation of the silvicultural intervention in 2015 until the end of the data collection in 2021. In the two different stands, the target trees (with a number of 100 to 160 trees per hectare) were retained in the study plots, together with a certain number of competing trees. In the beech stand (on the Borky site) and also in the oak stand (on the Soběšice site), the statistical analysis did not confirm any significant difference between the different versions of the intervention, which have different intensities. It is not possible to assess the effect of the educational intervention from the measurements obtained so far, therefore it will be most appropriate to assess the effect of structural thinning only after a longer period of time.
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Vliv kyselé a dusíkové zátěže na dostupnost dusičnanů v lesních půdách
KOTOUNOVÁ, Adéla
The Czech Republic faced high acid deposition in the past that altered soil chemistry and nitrogen (N) cycle. However, it is not clear whether the changes are related to soil acidification or to the nutritional effect of N. The aim of this study was to determine the availability of nitrates in the beech and spruce forest soils and to determine how it is influenced by acid and N addition (application of sulfuric acid and ammonium nitrate; a six-year field experiment in the Ore Mountains). Other soil characteristics influencing nitrates were evaluated: net N mineralization and nitrification, the availability of ammonium and microbial biomass. Soil acidification affected spruce forest nitrification while N addition increased beech forest microbial biomass.
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Phylogeography and conservation genetics of endangered saproxylic beetles in Europe
DRAG, Lukáš
This thesis introduces the use of molecular methods for the conservation of several species of endangered saproxylic beetles in Europe. It focuses on the questions related to the DNA preservation and microsatellites development, as well as the evolutionary history and conservation of threatened species. Using the combination of mitochondrial and nuclear markers, the genetic diversity and reintroduction history of Cerambyx cerdo was assessed and the phylogeography of Rosalia alpina from the whole range of its distribution was studied. This information is valuable for designing more efficient conservation strategies.
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Vertical Collembola distribution in spruce and beech forest soils
Jínová, Kristýna
Vertical stratification of Collembola was investigated in beech and spruce forest soils on the Kleť Mountain (Blanský les Protected Landscape Area, South Bohemia, Czech Republic). The aim of the study was to describe the collembolan distribution among the horizons in the present beech and spruce forest soils and to find out which species were dominant in the individual soil layers. Ten soil samples (each of 10 cm.sup.2./sup., 15 cm deep) were collected in beech and spruce forest on the Kleť Mt. in December 2004. They were divided into 5 sub-samples: litter + 0-1 cm of soil; 1-2, 2-5, 5-10, and 10-15 cm and extracted separately in high-gradient Tullgren apparatus. In total, 40 species were found at both sites (31 in the beech and 28 in the spruce forest). The highest number of species was found in the upper layer (litter layer + 0-1 cm) of soil, 84 % of species in the beech forest and 64 % in the spruce forest.
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Integrace ekologických a morfologických studií: Mikrodistribuce druhů .i.Protaphorura./i. (Collembola: Onychiurinae) okolo kmene buku
Rusek, Josef
The micro-distribution of soil mesofauna was studied around a beech stem in a .i.Luzuleto-Fagetum./i. forest in the Voděradské Bučiny National Nature Reserve, ca 30 km east of Prague, Central Bohemia. The soil type was a cambisol on granite. Fifty soil samples (10 cm.sup.2./sup. surface area and 5 cm deep) were taken in five parallel rows at different distances below and above the stem on a gentle SW slope. Soil arthropods were extracted from each sample in a high-gradient extractor. Soil pH and bulk density were determined for each sample after animal extraction. Three .i.Protaphorura./i.-species were recorded in the samples: .i.P. armata, P. pseudovanderdrifti, Protaphorura./i. sp. nov. The eudominant .i.P. armata./i. reached highest density in samples 50 to 100 cm below and above the beech stem where .i.Protaphorura./i. sp. nov. was present only in a low frequency and at most by a single (exceptionally two) specimen per sample.
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