|
|
Vliv změny techniky krmení jadrné krmné směsi ve stáji s robotickým dojením na užitkovost a BCS dojnic
Konupková, Zora
The thesis focuses on the comparison and evaluation of the effect of changing the feeding technique of the concentrate mixture in a barn with robotic milking on the production and metabolic parameters of dairy cows. The parameters studied included milk yield, BCS and rumen fluid parameters. The change in feeding technique consisted of changing the percentage of concentrate presented in the milking robot and as part of the mixed ration. The BCS was evaluated using a five-point scale with a precision of 0,25 points and included 50 dairy cows. Data on milk performance parameters were obtained from Milk Performance Recording and were evaluated in 49 dairy cows. Collection and laboratory examination of rumen fluids was carried out from six animals before the change in feeding technique and subsequently from six animals after the change in feeding technique. For the parameters studied, two groups of statistical sets were created - before the change in feeding technique and after the change in feeding technique, which were subsequently subjected to statistical analyses. After changing the feeding technique, there was a statistically significant increase (p ≤ 0,05) in the production of total volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid (from 88,33 mmol/l to 107,53 mmol/l). This increase was mainly due to a statistically significant increase (p < 0,05) in propionic acid production (from 15,40 % to 20,65 %) and a statistically significant decrease (p ≤ 0,05) in acetic acid production (from 68,43 % to 63,97 %). When evaluating the effect of the change in feeding technique on milk yield parameters, there was a significant increase (p < 0,05) in fat content (from 3,96 % to 4,18 %) and a significant decrease (p < 0,05) in protein content (from 3,56 % to 3,50 %) in milk in the first month after the change in feeding technique. There was also a statistically significant (p < 0,05) increase (from 24,98 mg/100 ml to 38,24 mg/100 ml) in urea content in milk after the change in feeding technique. There was also a significant increase (p < 0,05) in the mean fat/protein ratio of milk (from 1,12 to 1,20). When BCS of dairy cows was monitored, there was a statistically significant increase (p < 0,05) in the average BCS of the herd (from 3,39 to 3,67) after changing the feeding technique. When the amount of concentrate allocated in the milking robot was reduced, there was a highly statistically significant (p < 0,001) reduction in the amount of residue (from 0,883 kg to 0,203 kg). The results obtained prove that the change in feeding technique had a positive effect on rumen fermentation processes and on the balancing of the nutritional status of the herd.
|
|
| |
|
|
Použití různých typů startérů ve výživě telat
Křivová, Štěpánka
The thesis objective was to compare the effect of different types of starters on starter intake, growth performance and fermentation in rumen of calves in the period of milk nutrition, and expenses on the starter. The experiment was carried out on Czech Fleckvieh calves (n = 28) housed in outdoor individual boxes and fed by colostrum (until the 5th day of life) or milk compound feed (since the 6th day of life) and starter. The calves were divided into four groups of seven animals each depending on the type of starter they were fed with (A: pelleted starter with oat grains; B: completely pelleted starter, C: textured starter, D: starter with chopped straw). The mean age of calves in each group was determined by their age in the beginning of the experiment and by sex. The experiment lasted in 52nd day of calves age. The mean intake of individual types of starters was relatively balanced thus the differences among groups were statistically insignificant as well as the average daily gain of calves in individual groups. There is substantial evidence that the expenses on consumed starter were the highest in case of the C group. The average rumen fluid pH of most of the calves was oscillating under 6 (with exception of calves in the C group in the first sampling and calves in the D group in the second sampling). In rumen fluid of most calves, quite high levels of propionic acid (over 30% with exception of calves from the D group) and low levels of acetic acid (under 56% with exception of the D group) were measured. Based on the end results of the rumen fluid examination, a disposition to development of subacute ruminal acidosis can be seen in case of calves from groups A, B and C. The pH levels and the levels of propionic acid and acetic acid in rumen fluid of the calves from the D group met the parameters of rumen fluid of healthy animals. Based on the results of the experiment it can be concluded that in terms of health, it is recommendable to opt for the starter with chopped straw, which is the most convenient for the development of rumen fermentation without risk of subacute ruminal acidosis.
|
|
|
Vliv startérů na užitkové vlastnosti a celkový stav organismu telat
Aulichová, Tereza
The thesis is focused on the comparison of the influence of different types of starters on feed intake, holstein breed calf increments, feed conversion, economy, rumen fluid and blood parameters during calf rearing. After the colostrum period, the calves were divided into 3 groups of 5 individuals, they were fed by dairy feed mixture and various types of starter mixtures. The first group had ČOT – B granular starter (granulated granulated components), the second group received Premiumstart – muesli and the third group got Goldstart – a mixture of granules, corn flakes and cut straw ("straw starter"). In 60 days old they were bled and then killed in a slaughterhouse. After slaughter, the rumen and rumen fluid were collected from the calves for subsequent analyzes. The average starter consumption and feed conversion was the highest in the second group. The average daily increase was relatively balanced in the individual groups. The load per kg increment and the real starter consumed was demonstrably the lowest in the first group. The average pH of rumen fluid was significantly lower in the first group (below 5.5). Propionic acid was relatively high in all calves (up to 15% in the first group, 9% in the second and third groups) and low levels of acetic acid (8% lower). A low number of ciliates was found in all groups, but in the third group level was close to the reference values of adult cattle (119 thousand / ml). In calves received Goldstart starter straw, rumen fermentation values were closest to the physiological rumen environment. In this group of pH, the number of ciliates and the proportion of acetic acid and propionic acid corresponded. In terms of rumen papillum development, rumen volume, ammonia, pH, WBC, and ALP levels, Premiumstart – muesli is the most appropriate. The WBC concentration was highest in calves that received muesli starter. The highest glucose levels were observed in calves that received the ČOT – B granulator starter. The highest levels of ALP were found in the calves that received the muesli starter, which can be confirmed by the highest daily gains in these calves. The results obtained give a good idea of the functioning of the individual starter mixtures. However, for practice, it will be necessary to repeat the experiment to confirm some claims.
|
|
|
Význam mikroorganismů v bachoru přežvýkavců
Roztočilová, Andrea
The bachelor thesis deals with the importance of the microorganisms in the rumen. Work includes both theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part describes the anatomy of the digestive tract of ruminants, rumen activity and microorganisms occurring in the rumen and the main part is devoted to their importance and impact. At the end of the theoretical part discusses the importance of feeding yeast, their impact on the health of individuals and the possible prevention of metabolic disorders. In the practical part, an attempt was made with two groups of cows (n = 5 in every group) witch obtained ratio with and without yeasts. Ruminal fluid was taken and content of voluntary fatty acids, NH3 concentration and quantity of protozoa was measured. There were non-significant differences between groups.
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
