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Výskyt a vývoj bachorových nálevníků u ovcí
NĚMCOVÁ, Helena
The bachelor thesis deals with the occurrence and development of rumen microorganisms in the foregut of sheep with a focus on rumen protozoa. A literature review provides an introduction to the function of ruminal digestion in ruminants, covering foregut morphology and function and rumen fermentation. The practical part focuses on the collection of rumen fluid samples in sheep by the per os method, which were then sensory, chemically and microbially examined and the results compared with reference parameters.
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Anaerobic fungi and herbivores
Pristašová, Paulína ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Hrdý, Ivan (referee)
Anaerobic fungi Neocallimastigomycotina participate in rumen symbiotic microbiome. This highly specific group of fungi are a part of the basal lineages of the Fungi kingdom, differing from their aerobic counterparts in many aspects, including the possession of hydrogenosomes and the production of cellulosomes. Their entire life cycle occurs in the rumen, comprising of motile zoospores, which after colonizing plant biomass, germinate into vegetative thallus, forming a sporangium. In the rumen ecosystem, anaerobic fungi are primary colonizers of ingested plant biomass, where with the help of extracelullar multienzyme complexes- cellulosomes- degrade recalcitrant plant cell wall. The ability to form cellulosomes, until now observed in prokaryots only, was acquired by horizontal gene transfer from rumen symbiotic bacteria. Their long coevolution also led to many syntrophic interactions with methanogens, which utilise H2 produced by fungal hydrogenosomes. Their potential use in biotechnology includes biogas production and increased digestibility of agricultural feed. Key words: anaerobic fungi, rumen, hydrogenosome, cellulosome
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Vliv výživy na mléčné složky u dojnic
Zmrhal, Vladimír
The individual components of milk are differently influenced by nutrition. Milk fat is the most impressionable component of milk. Its content is largely influenced by structure feeding ration and the amount of fibre in ration, acetic acid originates in which the fermentation as the main precursor of milk fat. Fat composition can be also influenced by feeding fats protected against degradation in the rumen and linseed or rapeseed seed which act to the content of unsaturated fatty acids. Negative effect on milk fat has mainly higher content of starch in feeding ration. Milk proteins are influenced by the amount of microbial protein synthetized in the rumen which is influenced by the ratio of degradable protein and energy feed. On the content of milk proteins act also so-called by-pass protein and nondegradable amino acids. Especially methionine and lysine, which are considered as limiting for the synthesis of milk proteins. The content of lactose is reduced when the organism is in the energy deficit and also by influence of mastitis. The aim of this work is to describe the mechanism by which nutrition act on dairy components.
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Příčiny, diagnostika a prevence bachorových dysfunkcí skotu
Kadlecová, Aneta
This thesis is about rumen dysfunctions. The thesis describes the principle of digestion of individual nutrients in rumen and deals with composition and meaning of rumen ecosystem. It states a list of feeds used in ruminants nutrition and that including division of feeds and description of their suitability and risks their feeding. Thesis also deals with different nutritional claims in individual phases of reproductive cycle and describes the effect of nutrition on milk production and its composition. In the last part, you can read about individual rumen dysfunctions including causes of origin, description of symptoms and effect on milk production. It contains a description of different diagnos-tic options of these diseases and it focused on therapy and prevention of their origin too.
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Diagnosis of infections caused by members of the superfamily Paramphistomoidea
Pokrupová, Zuzana ; Pankrác, Jan (advisor) ; Račka, Karol (referee)
Trematodes of the superfamily Paramphistomoidea are significant pathogens of various species of vertebrates including livestock. They also cause significant economic losses. Adults are located in the forestomaches, eventually in the bile ducts or in the large intestine of the host. Severe pathological changes and sometimes even death of the host are caused by juvenile stages during their migration in small intestine. The diagnosis of paramphistomosis is done mainly by coprological methods (McMaster method, mini-FLOTAC, sedimentation methods) which detect the presence of eggs in the faeces of definitive host. However, these methods cannot be used during the prepatent period. Therefore it is important to develop immunological methods that enable detection of the infection in the early phase. It is also important to develope methods for molecular identification of paramphistomes to facilitate epidemiological studies and evaluate the economic importance of individual species of Paramphistomoidea. Presented thesis summarizes current methods and development of new strategies in diagnostics of paramphistomosis and molecular identification of paramphistomes.
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Význam mikroorganismů v bachoru přežvýkavců
Roztočilová, Andrea
The bachelor thesis deals with the importance of the microorganisms in the rumen. Work includes both theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part describes the anatomy of the digestive tract of ruminants, rumen activity and microorganisms occurring in the rumen and the main part is devoted to their importance and impact. At the end of the theoretical part discusses the importance of feeding yeast, their impact on the health of individuals and the possible prevention of metabolic disorders. In the practical part, an attempt was made with two groups of cows (n = 5 in every group) witch obtained ratio with and without yeasts. Ruminal fluid was taken and content of voluntary fatty acids, NH3 concentration and quantity of protozoa was measured. There were non-significant differences between groups.
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Possibilities of the usage of nonconventional methods and dietary supplements in prevention and in health provision of calves.
PÁNIKOVÁ, Monika
Healthy and strong individuals are fundamental in every cattle breeding. Tthe aim of this study was which of these given supplement had the best influence on calf weight gain in early period after weaning to milk nutrition. This research had continued in cooperation with farm in Hakovy Dvory. Calfs were studied from March 2012 to February 2013. They were weaned into outdoor individual box after birth. There were added supplements into their ration in firs two weeks of life. Calfs were partitioned on the base of addend supplement into three experimental groups and one control group. The first weight control of calfs was after birth and the second weight control was in thirty days of life. From the different of theese values was calculated average weight gain. The best significant effect had tested groups Homeopatics and Prebiotics (Biopolym) with average increment 26,9 kilograms. Next tested group was Probiotics (Lactovita) with average increment 26,1 kilograms. The last goup was Contol, there the calfs didn?t have changed ration and their average increment was 23,5 kilograms. From the results of this study is possible to presume, that calfs had positive reaction on supplements added in first days of life and theese had favourable effect to diarrhoea prevention. Prebiotics, homeopatics and probiotics favourable stimulate calfs digestive system and they have general positive effect on calfs physiological condition.
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