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The use of SPE methods for determination of ultratrace concentrations of platinum metals in environmental matrices
Ježek, Stanislav ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Gregor, Tomáš (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This dissertation is focused on the study of sorption techniques for the determination of platinum and palladium on modified solid sorbents and ion exchangers. The final determination was made using atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization (ET-AAS). Six modified sorbents were selected for the sorption study. Four modified non-polar silica gels were studied and two sorbents were based on styrene divinylbenzene copolymer. Furthermore, three cation exchange resins and three anion exchange resins were studied. The sorption efficiency of platinum and palladium was studied with modified sorbents and anion exchange resins. Furthermore, the influence of interfering elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, K, Na, Ca and Mg). Another parameter for evaluating the effectiveness of sorbents is the volume of the elution mixture required for effective elution of platinum and palladium from the sorbents. Based on the results, a sorbent was selected for the preconcentration of platinum and palladium from real environmental samples from the environment. The study of the concentration of platinum and palladium in environmental components is divided into two parts. The first part compares two cities with different sizes and vehicle concentrations. It is a regional capital in the Czech Republic – Jihlava and the capital of Austria – Vienna. For soil matrix sampling, locations near frequent traffic junctions were selected. In Jihlava, the concentration of platinum ranged from 16.93 to 38.72 ng.g-1 and for palladium from 2.705 to 8.452 ng.g-1. In Vienna, the detected concentrations were higher. Platinum concentrations ranged from 39.22 ng.g-1 to 159.2 ng.g-1 and for palladium from 18.45 ng.g-1 to 98.21 ng.g-1. The second part was focused on the busiest traffic junction in the Czech Republic - the D1 highway, focusing on the section near the Švihov water reservoir, which serves as one of the main sources of drinking water for the capital of the Czech Republic - Prague. Rain retention tanks - "lapolas" - are installed in this section. A soil sample was always taken in the vicinity of these lapolas, and from the lapolas the sediment in the reservoir and settled water at the outlet from the reservoir. These rain retention tanks proved to be suitable places for monitoring pollutants from automobile traffic.
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