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Specificity between partners in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Voříšková, Alena ; Janoušková, Martina (advisor) ; Püschel, David (referee)
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a symbiotic interaction between vascular plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from phylum Glomeromycota. AM symbiosis is considered as a nonspecific interaction, because AM fungi are able to colonize roots of all plant species which are hosts for this type of symbiosis, nevertheless certain specific interactions exist between the partners. The specificity can be evident on the level of the formation of mycorrhiza, which means that different species of plants can vary in the composition of fungal community in their roots or AM fungi can differ in an ability of colonization and sporulation depending on host plant species. The specificity can also manifest as different functionality of the symbiosis in dependence on the particular partners affecting the mycorrhizal response of the host plants. All of these specific interactions can have an impact on the coexistence and diversity of plants in communities.
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Studium vlivu arbuskulárních mykorhizních hub na jakostní, hospodářské a nutriční parametry kultury póru pravého (Allium porrum L.)
Kučová, Lucie
This dissertation deals with the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in vegetable production. The completion of knowledge and confirmation of scientific hypothesis in practise is necessary to be done for each vegetable species. For these reasons the dissertation establishes the entire growing process of the leek (Allium porrum L.). The experiment explores the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the physiological, nutritional and yield parameters of the leek crop. The literary review focuses on the mycorrhizal symbiosis as entire complex and shows an arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, its basic function, usage and impact on plants. Several parts of literary review mention the transfer of elements from the soil to the roots of plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and currently valid nomenclature is also listed. The experimental part is focused on a trial with several species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their combinations. The morphological evaluation of pre-cultivated leeks and also field grown plants was focused on the comparison of length and weight of the plants. Nutritional assessments are focused primarily on the vitamin C, total antioxidant capacity, content of nitrates, content of phosphorus and nitrogen in plant tissues. In the pursuance to our results, it is possible to say, that certain variants of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi had positive influence on the height of pre-cultivated leeks, and a positive trend was also confirmed during the evaluation of the content of antioxidants. The amount of heavy metals in plant tissues was reduced by combination of fungi R. intraradices and C. claroideum. The positive influence of inoculation was also observed at the reduction of nitrates in 2014. Overall, we can say that using of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the cultivation of leeks (Allium porrum L.) contribute to a positive effect on plants and yield, especially in the years with extreme weather conditions during growing season.
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Vliv arbuskulárních mykorhizních hub na fyziologické projevy a plodnost u révy vinné (Vitis vinifera L.) =: The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on physiological processes and fertility of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) /
Sedláček, Martin
In a three-year field experiment we evaluated the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on physiological processes and fertility of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), there were two variants: inoculated with AMF compared to uninoculated control. The experiment took place at the Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, using Pinot noir and Lemberger planted as a field experiment and in containers (seedlings) and the second part took place in already established vineyard (mature plants). The positive effect of AMF on the must gained from mature plants of both varieties was observed at following parameters: sugar content, assimilable N, Mg and Fe. All the seedlings from both container and field experiment and both varieties demonstrated a positive effect of AMF on the intensity of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration level. The expected positive impact of AMF on all investigated parameters was not significatntly demonstrated, which corresponds with the results of current research on this topic.
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Využití mykorhizy při vegetativním množení dřevin bylinnými řízky
Ján, Jakub
The topic of the diploma thesis was the study of the influence of commercial mycorrhizal preparation on the rooting of softwood cuttings of two selected species of ornamental shrubs (Forsythia × intermedia 'Maluch' and Weigela florida 'Piccolo'). The main objective was to find out whether the mycorrhizal preparation can make the process of vegetative propagation more efficient and favourably influence the formation of roots. The used preparation contained arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the genus Glomus, two different amounts of the preparation were used. The experiment was carried out in the summer months of the year 2016. The experiment was founded in a plastic greenhouse on the ground of the Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice in Moravia (the Czech Republic), two main terms of propagation passed (in June and August) and one supplementary term passed (in August). The total number of adventitious roots, the number of branched roots, the length of shoots and the mortality of cuttings were evaluated. Mycorrhizal colonization of roots was evaluated in the laboratory under the microscope. The results of the experiment did not show that the used mycorrhizal preparation can positively affect the rooting of softwood cuttings, the application of the mycorrhizal inoculum did not improve the efficiency of vegetative propagation and did not provide convincing advantages. Mycorrhizal fungi did not stimulate the growth of cuttings, and in fact they did not influence the number of adventitious roots neither in Forsythia × intermedia 'Maluch', nor in Weigela florida 'Piccolo'. The only significant positive was that the Weigela florida 'Piccolo' had a higher number of branched roots after inoculation. The observation of roots under the microscope showed that the roots of both species were colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, but the extent of colonization did not reach high levels. Mycorrhizal inoculation of propagation substrate cannot be recommended as an effective method that would improve rooting. However, it should be added that the experiment only passed for one year and the results were based only on one term of propagation. Thus the influence of mycorrhizal fungi on the rooting of plant cuttings should be the subject of further research.
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Specificity between partners in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Voříšková, Alena ; Janoušková, Martina (advisor) ; Püschel, David (referee)
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a symbiotic interaction between vascular plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from phylum Glomeromycota. AM symbiosis is considered as a nonspecific interaction, because AM fungi are able to colonize roots of all plant species which are hosts for this type of symbiosis, nevertheless certain specific interactions exist between the partners. The specificity can be evident on the level of the formation of mycorrhiza, which means that different species of plants can vary in the composition of fungal community in their roots or AM fungi can differ in an ability of colonization and sporulation depending on host plant species. The specificity can also manifest as different functionality of the symbiosis in dependence on the particular partners affecting the mycorrhizal response of the host plants. All of these specific interactions can have an impact on the coexistence and diversity of plants in communities.
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The effect of long-term fertilizers application on soil chemical properties, plant species composition and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of grasslands
Zemková, Lenka ; Pavlů, Vilém (advisor) ; Hakl, Josef (referee)
Fertilization and liming of grasslands have been used as an instrument improving hay production for centuries. For a long period of time, these practices not only sustained and increased hay yields, but also had negative effects on grassland ecosystems. Among others, they caused considerable changes in plant species composition leading in most cases to the reduction of species richness due to a lower capability of indigenous plants to compete with more productive pasture species. Furthermore these practices caused changes in soil and biomass chemical properties and shifts of soil microbial communities, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
The aim of this thesis was to analyze the responses of plant and mycorrhizal community and soil chemical properties in grassland ecosystems to long-term application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. Results of this work indicate that agricultural management practices aimed at maximization of hay production may, in the long run, significantly increased hay yield, reduce plant species richness, promote grasses but suppress herbs, legumes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil although the response to phosphorus varied among different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal taxa. Long-term fertilization also significantly changed soil chemical properties and considerably reduced belowground carbon storage.
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Význam mykorhizních hub při tvorbě půdní struktury
Čevelová, Lucie
The essence of this bachelor thesis is become with diffrent groups of mycorrhizal fungi, which support the formation of soil structure. Plants along with mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic relationship that is beneficial for both partners. Thanks to this the plant receives vital nutrients and protected agains pathogens. Moreover the mycorrhizal fungi involved in the formation of the soil structure. The mycelium intergrows through the soil aggregates and provides mechanical stabilization of the soil. Fungi of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis produce the glycoprotein glomalin, which stabilizes the soil structure. To support the growth of mycorrhizal fungi in the soil, we follow right agriculture methods. We can also use the application of the vaccination preparation or additing biochar and other inorganic materials into the soil.
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