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Nursing Care in Patient with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Němec, Pavel ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Burišková, Klára (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to identify the characteristics of prehospital and hospital care of patients with acute myocardial infarction. The theoretical part of the thesis summerizes clinical symptoms, diagnostical procedures and treatment of such patients. There is mentioned the importance of preventive steps, also. The differences in prehospital and hospital nursing care of acutelly ill patient are examined in detail. The practical part of the thesis uses data of Pilsen Region Rescue Service and analyzes the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in this area. Furthermore, two case studies discuss the appropriateness of nursing care. Key words: acute myocardial infarction, interventional treatment, nursing care, nursing diagnose, interventional treatment, patient
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Diet habits and lifestyle of patients after heart attack
NOVÁ, Veronika
In the theoretical part I briefly introduce the reader to the current state of given topic and describe the function of the heart and myocardial infarction. Another chapter discusses atherosclerosis and individual risk factors for cardiovascular disease. I focus on primary prevention, which is devoted to physical activity and nutrition. Myocardial infarction is among acute forms of ischemic heart disease and in the Czech Republic occupies top positions in mortality. The link between lifestyle and the risk of myocardial infarction is supported by many studies. Nutrition significantly affects health. In the Czech diet commonly occurs an increased amount of animal fats, sugar, salt and lack of fruit, vegetables, fish and fiber. Also physical activity can bring improvement to quality of life. The practical part focuses on research with aim on mapping eating habits and lifestyle of patients with myocardial infarction. The results were processed by quantitative methods in Microsoft Office Excel 2007. To collect data, I used questionnaires inquiring eating habits and lifestyles of respondents before myocardial infarction. Part of the questionnaire was asking about frequency of consumption of each food group. The survey was conducted in West and South Bohemia region for nearly five months at the turn of the year 2015 and 2016. 50 men after first myocardial infarction with no age limit were contacted but only 42 responded. Results of the survey show us that many men who have had myocardial infarction, disregarded appropriate eating habits. Lack of physical activity is obvious. 43% of respondents stated that they did not take part in any physical activity, not even for 30 minutes per day. In my opinion, it's most necessary to eliminate the risk factors possibly leading to myocardial infarction.
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The influence od educational to maintenance of secondary prevention rules of myocardial infarction
ŠÍMOVÁ, Martina
This bachelor thesis deals with the effects of educational plans on the compliance with the principles of the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. The theoretical background covers atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction and the educational process in nursing. Prior to elaborating the practical part of the thesis we had established two objectives. Objective 1: To find out whether the patients educated without an educational plan are as knowledgeable as the patients educated through an educational plan. Objective 2: To compare whether the patients educated without an educational plan comply with the principles of the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction in the same way as the patients with an educational plan. A qualitative form of research had been chosen for this thesis, semi-standardized interview in particular. The analysis of the data gained was subsequently carried out. Two objectives had been established in the thesis. Objective 1: To find out whether the patients educated without an educational plan are as knowledgeable as the patients educated through an educational plan. Through the analysis of the obtained data we found out that the patients educated without an educational plan are as knowledgeable as the patients educated through an educational plan. Objective 2: To compare whether the patients educated without an educational plan comply with the principles of the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction in the same way as the patients with an educational plan. Having compared the results we found out that the patients with an educational plan comply with the principles of the secondary prevention more consistently than the patients educated without an educational plan. The objectives of the thesis were met.
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Analysis of Costs Associated with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Znojmo Hospital
Senciová, Monika ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Střítecký, Rudolf (referee)
The objective of the dissertation is analysis of costs that are connected with acute myocardial infarction in the Znojmo Hospital. It is about the bill of costs of this diagnosis with the use of analysis "Cost of Illness". Cost of Illness is one of many kinds of analysis examining the costs of illnesses. At work, I have tried to capture all relevant costs of this diagnosis, especially the cost of diagnosis, therapy and hospitalization of patients with the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
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Pectoris angina as a symptom of acute myocardial infarction in urgent care
ŠVORC, Jaroslav
This dissertation deals with the topic of stenocardia as the symptom of an acute myocardial infarction in prehospital emergency care. The goal of my work is to map the time lag from the first symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction to giving an urgent non-hospital first aid. The introductory part summarizes basic terms of anatomy and physiology of the considered system. The theoretical part of my work includes an ischemic disease and the most frequent risk factors which patients bear. The theoretical part is mainly dedicated to an acute myocardial infarction, i.e. its origin, symptoms, diagnostics, and treatment. The final part deals with issues concerning education of a patient from a medical rescuer's point of view. My work also involves a research part including the file of patients with diagnosed acute myocardial infarction. I nave got the data using retrospective analysis of the outgoing cards of the patients of the Medical Rescue Service Team of Ústí Region, with diagnoses of an acute myocardial infarction. The data has been processed into a table from which other graphs and tables in research part result. It observes the time lag from the first symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction to calling for help and giving an urgent non-hospital first aid. I also follow the main symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction (pain, propagation of pain). The research part results into conclusion, that the majority of patients calls for Medical Rescue Service Team within 3 hours after appearing the first symptoms of stenocardia. The patients mainly call for help within 1 hour after the first problems appear in this 3 hours interval.
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Specifications of nursering care of patiens with complications after direct SKG/PTCA
BLÁHOVÁ, Ilona
Abstract In the Czech Republic there is no doubt about the tendency of gradual increase in median life expectancy, which is significantly affected by the fact that mortality from cardiovascular diseases, especially from acute coronary syndromes, has been decreasing. Besides the provable effect of a healthy lifestyle, diet and, by all means, a quality and effective pharmacotherapy, a significant development in the field of interventional cardiology contributes to this accomplishment. The number of coronographies, coronary angioplasties and implanted stents have multiplied, and today the invasive coronarographic diagnostics and percutaneous myocardial revascularization belong to the the most common diagnostic and therapeutic methods in treatment of acute forms of ischemic heart diseases. An obvious prerequisite for such a rapid development in the field of intervention coronary angiography was the establishment of a sufficiently dense network of catheter laboratories and specialized facilities, which provide a highly professional and intensive care for patients. This thesis is focused on three basic objectives: ? To survey and characterize differences in nursing care concerning various complications in patients after SKG / PCI ? To survey bio / psycho / social impacts of complications after SKG / PCI on a patient ? To identify and summarize personal and material prerequisites and requirements to ensure quality nursing care for these complicated conditions The research was conducted by using a qualitative methodology. The methods used were observation, non-standardized interviews and medical and nursing records analyses. The research survey samples on which the investigation was focused were patients with the acute coronary syndrome hospitalized in the coronary care unit in the Cardio Center in České Budějovice, their family members and also the nursing staff providing the comprehensive nursing care. The outcomes of this survey were eleven descriptive case reports characterizing the occurrence of the most frequent complications in patients with ACS after SKG / PCI. To ensure clarity, each case study is complemented by a thought map with an account of the most important nursing interventions in the management of specific acute conditions. The paper also contains a framework analysis of bio / psycho / social impacts of complicated situations on patients. It is interesting to compare this matter from the perspective of nurses and patients, which is seen in correlation graphs. The section describing the organizational and personnel provision is introduced with the characteristics of the medical process and it also contains the list of medical personnel with their qualifications and the length of experience in the Coronary care unit in České Budějovice. Summarization of the instrumental medical equipment is also based on the analysis of previous cases and is accompanied by photographs of the equipment typical and indispensable for the care of patients in the Coronary care unit, which primarily has an informative and complementary character to get an integrated view of the Coronary care unit running and the nursing staff work.
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Acute myocardial infarction in pre-hospitalization urgent care - direct cooperation with a cardiology center
JONÁŠ, Jindřich
Acute myocardial infarction in pre-hospitalization urgent care {--} direct cooperation with a cardiology center The evaluation of urgency of the condition of a patient with cardiac disease symptoms, identified as chest pain or acute coronary syndrome, used to be in the pre-hospitalization urgent care always in the domain of the emergency service physician. However, with the progress of diagnostic techniques the working diagnosis can be also made by a trained paramedic, as long as he/she is unable to get a physician to the place of the intervention. A great advantage in this respect is the possibility of telemetric transmission of electrocardiographic records to the cardiology center where the curve is evaluated by a cardiologist and then the optimized method can be agreed with the specialist by phone so that the concerned patient can be transported into a hospital and given specialized treatment. The objective of the thesis was to analyze the working procedure of a paramedic with a patient who suffered an acute myocardial infarction and to evaluate specific features of communication and cooperation with the cardiology center by means of data transmission. The bachelor thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical and it describes the issues of pre-hospitalization urgent care of a patient with an acute myocardial infarction and the provision of the care. The second, practical part of the thesis, consists of a qualitative research. The employed technique for data collection was a structured interview. Based on an analysis of the acquired data we set the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: Paramedics are familiar with the procedure for pre-hospitalization urgent care of a patient with an acute myocardial infarction. Hypothesis 2: Teams sent to interventions with chest pain indication are primarily emergency medical service teams.
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The most frequent causes of death in emergency medicine
GRECHOVÁ, Michaela
From the general point of view, cardiovascular diseases are considered to be the most common causes of death in developed countries. Diseases of the arteries of the brain also rank among serious diseases and are a common reason of not only death but also invalidity. Although the region of South Bohemia is behind the nationwide average, the number of deaths related to diseases of the circulatory system is very high and remains a frequent cause of intervention of the emergency medical service. The objective of my thesis on the theme "The Most Frequent Causes of Death in the Acute Medicine" was surveying the Region of South Bohemia in terms of the most frequent diagnoses resulting in daeth, in the period between 2006 and 2007, and comparing them with the statistics. The basic document to obtain general information was the Annual Medical Bulletin of the Region of South Bohemia. This information constituted the basis onwhich I drew up three hypotheses that were then verified by the actual research. In the practical part of my thesis I conducted the quantitative research by the method of the document ontent analysis and comparison. The set studied consisted of patients of the Emergency Medical Service in the years 2006 and 2007 with the NACA score = 7.One of three hypotheses was verified, two were not.
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The urgent care of the clients suffering from the acute heart stroke provided by the medical rescue service
KALÁŠKOVÁ, Dana
The pre-hospital emergency care for clients with acute myocardial infarction within the medical rescue service The pre-hospital emergency care for clients with acute myocardial infarction within the medical rescue service is the topic that I selected intentionally. On one side, I was guided by my own still fresh experience with my father and on the other side I was guided evenby the fact that interventions of the rescue service at patients with chest pains are still the most frequent indications. This is a really up-to-date subject due to contemporary life style and style of living of most of our inhabitants. The term acute coronary syndrome means all the statuses patho-physiologically connected with an instable plate and related thrombosis in the coronary artery. The main symptoms include chest pains or their equivalent in resting state. The bachelor thesis was processed on the basis of quantity method, using the technique of questionnaires. The research set included employees of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region. The first aim of the work was to make a chart of their opinions regarding use of automatic external defibrillators (AED). The results of the research investigation indicated that the employees of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region are well aware of recommended procedures in pre-hospital care for clients with acute myocardial infarction, which successfully confirmed the first hypothesis. Unfortunately, even the second hypothesis was successfully verified,as the automatic external defibrillators still do not belong to natural part of public locations equipment and that is why their use in practice is minimal. Based on results of this work that will be published in a specialised magazine rescue and Urgent Medicine, I would like to appeal to managing employees of medical rescue services to strengthen promotion of automatic external defibrillators and also to the Ministry of Health to more quickly extend the current stage of AED within legal rules of the Czech Republic, which do not still deal with attitude towards defibrillation, which does not solve the difference between manual and automatic defibrillation.
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