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The effect of soil agrochemical properties and fertilization on yield of winter rape in farming company
Klasová, Michaela ; Černý, Jindřich (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
Rational use of fertilizers in an agricultural farm can increase its economical stability.
The analysis of data of the agrochemical soil properities in the vegetation of winter rape in a five year period showed if the fertilization system of Zemědělská společnost Chrášťany s.r.o. is set appropriately and where are the eventual reserves.
The analysis rates between the yield of winter rape and the individual nutrients content in the soil (P, K, Mg, Ca) and pH were calculated with the use of the analysis of correlation and regression. The same method was used in the evaluation of pure nutrient dosage in the applied fertilizers. The order of importance of the nutrients for the yield was determined according to the value of the coefficient of the correlation between the yield of rape and the examined elements. The examined period was consisted of the years 2011, 2012, 2013 and the analysed area of winter rape reached averagely 190 ha in each year, which was divided into 10 soil blocks.
The assumption that N fertilizing is going to have a greater influence on the growth of winter rape yield in soils with worse agrochemical soil properties, then on soils with greater nutrient reserve and a satisfactory soil reaction was confirmed. It is influenced by the fact of which nutrient is in minimal quantities in the soil. With the same N dosage the yield was better on soils with better agrochemical properties. The importance of usage of K fertilizers within years 2013-2015 is rising. The analysis pointed towards a strong influence of K on the yield especially in those three years. Greater influence of nutrients (P, K, Mg) from the soil reserve on the yield of winter rape was in years 2013 and 2014 with favourable weather than in other years. The recommendation of adjustment of the reserves of nutrients K, Mg and Ca in the soil according to the results of AZZP seems effective.
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The nutrients balance on the farm when fertilizing by organic fertilizers
Pejsar, Petr ; Černý, Jindřich (advisor) ; Lucie, Lucie (referee)
The aim of this thesis is the evaluation and balance calculation of the basic nutrients in soil. The content of this thesis is focused on the evaluation of nutrients input, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur in organic fertilizers, while taking into account the direct influence of the nutrients after their application as well as long-term effects during delayed and recurring application of the organic fertilizers. During the observed period from 2008 to 2014 the following individual fields were assessed Březinka (68,51 ha), Jiříkovo (16,93 ha), Kocourovské (58,16 ha) and U Akátu (35,84 ha). The balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur in these certain areas was assessed within the scope of balance on individual fields for one crop rotation period. The balance calculation inputs include the amount of nutrients that was provided in form of organic and mineral fertilizers, which in case of nitrogen was furthermore extended by the amount acquired by its symbiotic fixation, overall deposition and sowing inputs (i.e. soil surface balance of nitrogen). The outputs of the balance calculation consist of amounts of major nutrients that were drawn away by crop yield including the calculated losses in case of surface balance of nitrogen. In the thesis an elementary balance of organic compounds was performed together with evaluation of change of the supply state of P, K and Mg based on the available data from agrochemical soil properties conducted in the period of 2009 to 2015 and balance results for individual nutrients. The results of surface balance of nitrogen in individual fields exhibited notably positive values, which according to the final balance might be the cause of heightened or excessive nitrogen loss. It is however difficult to determine the direct and residual effect of nitrogen applied trough the organic fertilizers and its utilization by plants. Without the mineral fertilizer inputs, the resulting values of other nutrients in specific years were dependant on the amount of input trough organic fertilizers. Within the scope of simple balance of organic compounds for individual fields, the overall sum of organic compound requirements were achieved over the observed years.
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