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Rapidly mutating Y-STRs analysis as a tool for forensic investigations, genetic genealogical applications and molecular anthropology
Jakub, David ; Šimková, Halina (advisor) ; Doubková, Klára (referee)
Compared to standard Y-STR markers commonly used in forensics and bioarchaeology, rapidly mutating Y-STR markers (RM Y-STR) have a significantly higher haplotype diversity and lineage resolution abilities in world populations. They form a novelty in these fields. This paper will attempt to clarify their origin, function, and efficacy in forensic genetics, genealogy, and molecular anthropology by looking at the Y chromosome and its characteristics that allow its use in the mapping of populations, individual male lineages, and identifying male perpetrators of sexual violence. By looking at other polymorphisms of the Y chromosome, especially Y-SNP markers, we can see in which studies each type is used most effectively. In the end, it will be clarified whether the use of RM Y-STR markers is beneficial to each field, whether they make standard Y-STR markers redundant, or whether they are themselves of no substantial use in comparison.
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SNP polymorphisms of Y chromosome in the population of african fulani people
Bučková, Jana ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Šimková, Halina (referee)
Markers on the non-recombining region of chromosome Y is a useful tool for study of diversity between populations. SNPs are the most commom polymorphisms in human genome. Mutation rate of SNPs is very low and so they may be used as genetic markers in evolutionary and population studies. We have analyzed 205 unrelated men from 11 Sub-Saharan Fulani's subpopulations. Fulani are an ethnic group of people spread over many countries, mainly in West Africa. Our samples are from Tindangou area, Banfora area (Burkina Faso), Bongor area, Linia area (Chad), Diafarabé area (Mali), Tcheboua area (Cameroon), Banfora area, Diffa area, Zinder area, Ader area and Abalak area (Niger). Using kit Signet Y-SNP Identification Systems and Luminex instrument with LabMAP Luminex Technology we detected particular Y chromosome's SNPs. LabMAP Luminex Technology is universal array platform, which as a probe using fluorescent polystyrene microspheres. We have observed 12 different haplogroups. Haplogroup E, which is typical African haplogroups, is determined with derivated allele in polymorfism M96. We have detected haplogroup E in maximum of 89,3% in the Fulani's subpopulations. In 7,8% we have detected haplogroup R, which is characteristic of populations in the Euroasia. Gene pool of Fulani's population is influenced with a...
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Population structure, migration and dynamics in Africa and Arabia
Čížková, Martina ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Frynta, Daniel (referee) ; Zrzavý, Jan (referee)
In addition to the interaction of evolutionary forces, the population history of the African Sahel and Arabia has been influenced by the spread of Neolithic cultural innovations. The reflection of these processes today is a very complex structured diversity of the current populations, which is presented here through the analysis of several genetic markers. The aim is to provide a comprehensive view of the history of demographic processes in the Sahel and Arabia, by combining genetic, linguistic, subsistence and geographical data obtained from local populations. A study of a large dataset of mtDNA sequences showed that Arabia was a major crossroads in gene flow, and although it was colonized by anatomically modern humans from East Africa, today's differentiation from Africa is greater than the differentiation between local populations in these regions. Even the Sahel was an important biocorridor in the past. Today, we encounter populations of various subsistence strategies (nomadic pastoralists and settled farmers), between which gene flow has been severely restricted. A comparison of uniparently inherited loci in both groups points to different migratory activity in the eastern and western parts of the Sahel. Analyzes of Alu elements, which indicated the inclination of West African herders (Fulbs)...
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SNP polymorphisms of Y chromosome in the population of african fulani people
Bučková, Jana ; Šimková, Halina (referee) ; Černý, Viktor (advisor)
Markers on the non-recombining region of chromosome Y is a useful tool for study of diversity between populations. SNPs are the most commom polymorphisms in human genome. Mutation rate of SNPs is very low and so they may be used as genetic markers in evolutionary and population studies. We have analyzed 205 unrelated men from 11 Sub-Saharan Fulani's subpopulations. Fulani are an ethnic group of people spread over many countries, mainly in West Africa. Our samples are from Tindangou area, Banfora area (Burkina Faso), Bongor area, Linia area (Chad), Diafarabé area (Mali), Tcheboua area (Cameroon), Banfora area, Diffa area, Zinder area, Ader area and Abalak area (Niger). Using kit Signet Y-SNP Identification Systems and Luminex instrument with LabMAP Luminex Technology we detected particular Y chromosome's SNPs. LabMAP Luminex Technology is universal array platform, which as a probe using fluorescent polystyrene microspheres. We have observed 12 different haplogroups. Haplogroup E, which is typical African haplogroups, is determined with derivated allele in polymorfism M96. We have detected haplogroup E in maximum of 89,3% in the Fulani's subpopulations. In 7,8% we have detected haplogroup R, which is characteristic of populations in the Euroasia. Gene pool of Fulani's population is influenced with a...
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