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Antropogenní tlaky na stav půd‚ vodní zdroje a vodní ekosystémy v české části mezinárodního povodí Labe: Migrace škodlivých látek v povodí Labe (radionuklidy – tritium)
Výzkumný ústav vodohospodářský T.G. Masaryka, v.v.i., Praha ; Kalová, Hana ; Komárek, Michal ; Novák, Michal ; Ivanovová, Diana ; Blažková, Šárka ; Hanslík, Eduard
Získávání dat objemové aktivity tritia (kontinuálních s rovnoměrnou četností nebo v epizodách se zvětšenou četností) k popisu odtoku aktivity (bilance) tritia v profilech Vltava Solenice, Vltava Praha a Labe Hřensko. Zjištění pozadí tritia na území povodí Labe v povrchových vodách nezatížených odpadními vodami z bodových zdrojů (JE Temelín, ÚJV Řež apod.). Posouzení možností snížení minimální detekovatelné aktivity tritia (MDA) u vzorků pozadí. Vyhodnocení odtoku aktivity tritia v hodnocených profilech po odečtení odtoku aktivity tritia odpovídající pozadí. Vyjádření depozice tritia na území českého úseku povodí Labe se srážkami. Posouzení shody mezi bilancí aktivity tritia v hodnocených profilech na základě sledování a údajů o bilanci aktivity tritia uvolňované s odpadními vodami JE Temelín. Na vybrané modelové lokalitě bude hodnocen vliv kontaminace Labe tritiem na změny objemové aktivity tritia ve vodě z břehové infiltrace na základě rekognoskace terénu. Zpráva obsahuje recenzované nebo publikované příspěvky vztahující se k řešení problému.
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Labe IV: Cyklický biomonitoring vybraných složek ekosystému Labe
Výzkumný ústav vodohospodářský T.G.Masaryka, Praha ; Vymazalová, Eva ; Svobodová, Zdeňka ; Svoboda, Jan ; Stuchlík, Evžen ; Slavík, Ondřej ; Havel, Ladislav ; Desortová, Blanka ; Baudišová, Dana ; Fuksa, Josef K.
Jsou popsány analytické a vyhodnocovací práce čtvrté etapy biomonitoringu Labe a třetí etapy biomonitoringu dolní Vltavy. Kontaminace všech složek říčního ekosystému je srovnatelná se situací v roce 1999. Stav ekosystémů není uspokojivý a neblíží se přírodnímu stavu. Společenstva ichtyofauny a makrozoobentosu jsou silně antropogenně ovlivněna. V Labi jsou stále indikovány bodové zdroje rtuti v oblasti nad profily Obříství a Hřensko. Je dokázáno stálé zatížení rezidui DDT deponovaných podle toků. Charakteristiky mikrobiálních společenstev ve vodě indikují stálý přísun komunálního znečištění.
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Analysis of fishing pressure at sport fisheries managed by Czech Angling Union under the united fishing system.
ŠMÍD, Pavel
The goal of the thesis was to analyse the fishing pressure, number of visits and number of catches in sport fisheries managed by Czech Angling Union (CAU). The selected data, mainly concerning the sport fisheries managed by South Bohemian Board of CAU, were graphically presented. At the trophy fishery Vltava 24, daily data were evaluated and the behaviour of fishermen was compared during the first two years of the new management (2010 and 2011). The second part of the thesis is aimed at the analysis of the united system of fishing management within the whole CAU and suggests a new system of financial flow. CAU is composed by 7 regional boards; however, it is possible to buy united fishing permit valid in all the fisheries of CAU. The financial budget coming from these permits is redistributed only according to the weight of killed and recorded fish. This system is advantageous mainly for regional boards with a big amount of fishermen and high fishing pressure at their fisheries; it is less advantageous for regional boards managing large areas. Within the thesis, a new model for redistribution of the financial budget was created. Except for the weight of killed fish, it includes other expenses connected with the management (fishing guards, lease of fishing waters, etc.) and the number of fishing visits. The model was provided to CAU for future negotiation.
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The Content of Mercury and Lead in Sediments from Vltava River and Lipno Reservoir.
MAŘÍKOVÁ, Helena
The aim of this thesis was to define and evaluate the load of sediments by exposure of mercury and lead on the upper flow of the Vltava river and in the Lipno lake. To evaluate possible influence of the glass factory in Lenora for pollution of this area by toxic metals mentioned above. The literature survey refers about problems of mercury and lead content in fresh water and reservoirs sediments, the structure of toxic heavy metals and risks of their release in the enviroment, then in chemical composition of water reservoirs. It also engages in glass manufacturing problems in the glass factory in Lenora, especially the raw materials, which where obviously used for its manufacture. Experimental part describes profile of sampling points, working methods, used chemicals and results of individual analyses. Sediments of the Lipno reservoir and the upper flow of the Vltava river aren{\crq}t seriously loaded with mercury or lead, but in the sediments below Lenora was shown multiple increase of lead and mercury content in comparison with the background. Forest soils has higher mercury content in all localities in comparison with the sediments. On the contrary, the content of EDTA-extractable lead in soils is lower. Detected isotopic ratio of lead 206/207 and 208/206 in sediments of the Vltava river below the glass factory in Lenora have different signature in comparison with the signature of sediments from the Vltava river above the glass factory. On the contrary the signature of lead in all sediments of the Lipno reservoir showed values relevant to natural background of this locality. The structure which corresponds to the lead from the glass factory was also surprisingly detected in humic horizont of the forest soils in Lenora{\crq}s surroundings. The thesis was extended with fish samples from Lipno reservoir and their liver{\crq}s load by lead and mercury content. There were determined isotop ratio (signature) of lead in the fish, the izotop ratio of lead not corresponds to the lead signature from the glass factory in Lenora.
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Estimation of Tritium Activity in the River Vltavawith Respect to the Liquid Wastes from the Nuclear Power Plant Temelin.
ŠKOPEK, Petr
The main goal of this Thesis was to measure tritium activity in the Vltava River and in the vicinity of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant (hereinafter referred to as JETE) with the following objectives: Possibility to use the outlet of waste water damping unit (hereinafter referred to as VTOOV) as a control alerting system for nonstandard events in JETE, furthermore, monitoring of possible correlations between volume activity of tritium measured in VTOOV and activity above the limit value of the first quality class in selected sections of the Vltava River as well as comparison of the measured values with the results of other authors, and, finally, assessment of the relevance of the water quality estimated by the volume activity of tritium to the water quality according to other ingredients, i.e., stable isotopes of some metals and risk elements as well as general physical and chemical indicators. Theoretical part of the Thesis deals with radioactivity in general, activity of tritium, with regard to operation of nuclear plants, over the world and, especially, in the Czech Republic. The actual work consisted of collection of samples at predetermined places, preparation of these samples for measurement and measurement of tritium activity using scintillation spectrometer with liquid scintillator. Furthermore, basic chemical and physical properties of water, concentration of selected elements and also some anions were determined. The collected data were used for classification of waters from individual collection places into quality classes according to ČSN 75 7221. In all analyzed cases no activities were found which exceeded the limit values of liquid outlets from Temelín Nuclear Power Plant, given by regulations issued on waters by the District Health Office in Ceske Budejovice according to §8 of Act No. 138/73 Coll., in compliance with SÚJB requirements. This Thesis could be beneficial for possible utilization of VTOOV as a control alerting system for nonstandard events in JETE and also for assessment of impact of wastewaters from JETE on waters of the Vltava River.
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