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Adding value to waste material - eggshells
Zlámal, Filip ; Pernica, Marek (referee) ; Brummer, Vladimír (advisor)
The submitted thesis deals with the utilization of waste materiál – eggshells and the evaluation of this waste raw material to obtain interesting and valuable products. In the introduction of the thesis are described properties, composition and structure of the eggshell rich in minerals and the composition of its membranes. In the next part of the thesis is evaluated potential utilization of this waste as a fertilizer, adsorbent, possible uses in medicine and pharmacy, utilization in electronics, as a catalyst in the production of biodiesel and its further uses.
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Treatment of bilogical waste from egg processing
Zich, Jan ; Brummer, Vladimír (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
The main target of this final thesis is to compile possible uses of eggshell waste with emphasis on pharmaceutical industry. Firstly, the common handling of this waste, including legislation, is described. It is also explained what eggshell waste is mainly composed of – eggshell containing calcium and eggshell membrane rich on collagen and other substances. In addition, various ways of using eggshell waste are presented and evaluated, including manufacture of pharmaceutical products. Finally, a search for commercial solutions, patents and other sources dealing with the process of processing egg waste is carried out. It showed that although there are many patents, the offer of equipment for this purpose is very limited on the market. The acquired knowledge is used in the design of a unique process line enabling processing of both components of eggshell waste as pharmaceutical products.
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Eliminace výskytu vajec s poškozenou skořápkou u nosných hybridů na konci snášky
Horník, Radek
The deterioration of eggshell quality depending on the age of the laying hens causes significant economic losses for table egg producers. The aim of the experiment was to determine whether feeding vitamin D3 in the form of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 would improve eggshell quality after 46 weeks of flock age. Two houses with flocks of Lohmann Brown-Classic laying hens housed in enriched cage technology were included in the observation. Both houses were fed the same feed mixture from the same supplier. From 38 weeks of age onwards, eggs were collected at regular two-week intervals in a number of 60 eggs from each house for each observation. Egg weight and eggshell strength, weight and thickness were determined for these eggs. From the 46th week onwards, 25 hydroxyvitamin D3, its hydroxy analogue, was started in the feed mixture in addition to vitamin D3 at one house. Monitoring of the above parameters was continued until the 67th week of age. It was found that the eggs were lighter on the shed where 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 was fed (P < 0,001), which was due to the fact that the eggs were conclusively lighter on this shed before the experimental intervention (P < 0,05). The egg weight was closely related to the eggshell weight, which was also conclusively lower on the experimental shed (P < 0,05). There was no conclusive difference in eggshell strength and thickness between the sheds. Egg and eggshell weight and shell thickness were significantly influenced by flock age (P < 0,001). There was no positive effect of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 on eggshell quality.
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Adding value to waste material - eggshells
Zlámal, Filip ; Pernica, Marek (referee) ; Brummer, Vladimír (advisor)
The submitted thesis deals with the utilization of waste materiál – eggshells and the evaluation of this waste raw material to obtain interesting and valuable products. In the introduction of the thesis are described properties, composition and structure of the eggshell rich in minerals and the composition of its membranes. In the next part of the thesis is evaluated potential utilization of this waste as a fertilizer, adsorbent, possible uses in medicine and pharmacy, utilization in electronics, as a catalyst in the production of biodiesel and its further uses.
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Treatment of bilogical waste from egg processing
Zich, Jan ; Brummer, Vladimír (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
The main target of this final thesis is to compile possible uses of eggshell waste with emphasis on pharmaceutical industry. Firstly, the common handling of this waste, including legislation, is described. It is also explained what eggshell waste is mainly composed of – eggshell containing calcium and eggshell membrane rich on collagen and other substances. In addition, various ways of using eggshell waste are presented and evaluated, including manufacture of pharmaceutical products. Finally, a search for commercial solutions, patents and other sources dealing with the process of processing egg waste is carried out. It showed that although there are many patents, the offer of equipment for this purpose is very limited on the market. The acquired knowledge is used in the design of a unique process line enabling processing of both components of eggshell waste as pharmaceutical products.
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Evolutionary contraints in the origin of viviparity in Amniotes Why there are no viviparous birds?
Chmelová, Kristýna ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (advisor) ; Gvoždík, Václav (referee)
Evolution of life-bearing have fascinated biologists for over a long time. Viviparity has evolved many times within separate vertebrate lineages and it is a geographically widespread phenomenon. The majority of these independent origins have occured within lizards and snakes. Several hypotheses have been suggested to explain the selective pressures leading to viviparity in reptiles. One of the most frequently supported hypotheses views viviparity as an adaptation to a cold climate, i.e. viviparous mothers ensure favorable thermoregulation to developing embryos. It is generally supposed that egg retention is an intermediate stage in the evolution of live-bearing. Inclination to egg retention seems to be one of the most important preadaptations of viviparity in vertebrates. Additional limiting factors are probably for instance type of eggshell, mode of sex determinantion or egg guarding as an alternative mode of parental care.
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