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Determination of antibiotics in the wastewater
Suková, Petra ; Tulková, Tereza (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This thesis deals with problem of antibiotics, substances used in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in human and veterinary medicine. Have been discussed aminopenicillins antibiotics from the group of antibiotics, particularly ampicillin and amoxicillin, which are one of the most frequently prescribed antibiotics in both the Czech Republic and in the world now. Drug substances together with wastewater pass into the wastewater treatment plant where sewage process does not remove the drug from the treated water entirely. Drug substances can be penetrate into the other components of the environment in the result, especially in surface water and soil, where they can have adverse effects on organisms living there. For the isolation of analytes from samples of wastewater was selected solid phase extraction (SPE). For final analysis of antibiotics was used method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with UV-VIS detection with diode array detector and method of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Based on the optimization of analytical techniques was especially ampicillin chosen as analyte isolated from the matrix of waste water. Analysis of the wastewater was conducted for a total of four days of influent and effluent wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice and wastewater treatment plant which is situated in area of the Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University in Brno.
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The study of the electrochemical and chemical oxidative degradation of salicylic and acetylsalicylic acid
Tonnerová, Barbora ; Kubíčková, Anna (advisor) ; Křížek, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this Thesis was to study the degradation of salicylic acid by the electrochemical oxidation. The electrochemical oxidation of salicylic acid was compared to the electrochemical oxidation of acetylsalicylic acid. Two electrochemical cells were tested - batch cell and thin- layer flow-cell. The newly developed and validated method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography has been used to analyse the degradation products, salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid. The optimal analysis was made by the Kinetex column C18 (2,1 x 100 mm; 1,7 µm) and mobile phase with two components - acetonitrile and water with addition of 0,1% formic acid. These two components of the mobile phase were mixed by the gradient program from 10 % to 60 % (v/v) acetonitrile. The mobile phase flow was set to 0,3 ml min-1 and the volume of injection was 2 µl. The detection was performed by photodiode array detector at the wavelength 240 nm. Total time of the analysis was 11 minutes. The electrochemical degradation has been studied by an anodic oxidation in a flow cell with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and a stainless-steel cathode. The samples of salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid was dissolved in the ammonium acetate, concentration 200 mmol dm-3 at pH=4,0. The 20 % oxidation rate of salicylic acid was...
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The oxidative degradation study of ticagrelor
Tonnerová, Barbora ; Kubíčková, Anna (advisor) ; Křížek, Tomáš (referee)
Ticagrelor is a platelet aggregation inhibitor drug, used for treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome. The only active metabolite, a reverse blocator of P2Y12 adenosindiphosphate receptor, is produced by hepatic metabolism. Ticagrelor is soluble in 50 % (vol.) methanol solution. The most efficient separation of ticagrelor using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography turned out to be in gradient: (0-4 min: 20→80 % A; 4-6 min: 80 % A; 6-6,5 min: 80→20 % A; 6,5-8,5 min: 20 % A; A stands for acetonitrile). Mobile phase is composed of acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer (20 mmol·dm-3 and pH 8,0). Reverse stationary phase is Kinetex C18 100A column (100 x 2,1 mm, 1,7 µm; Phenomenex, USA). Retention time of ticagrelor is 4,91 min. The separation method was used to observe the oxidative degradation of ticagrelor. After 7 hours of exposition to hydrogen peroxide solution at 50 řC, 20 % of ticagrelor has degraded. One degradation product was formed at same speed as the degradation of ticagrelor had. Retention time of this degradation product is 3,95 min.
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Determination of antibiotics in the wastewater
Suková, Petra ; Tulková, Tereza (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This thesis deals with problem of antibiotics, substances used in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in human and veterinary medicine. Have been discussed aminopenicillins antibiotics from the group of antibiotics, particularly ampicillin and amoxicillin, which are one of the most frequently prescribed antibiotics in both the Czech Republic and in the world now. Drug substances together with wastewater pass into the wastewater treatment plant where sewage process does not remove the drug from the treated water entirely. Drug substances can be penetrate into the other components of the environment in the result, especially in surface water and soil, where they can have adverse effects on organisms living there. For the isolation of analytes from samples of wastewater was selected solid phase extraction (SPE). For final analysis of antibiotics was used method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with UV-VIS detection with diode array detector and method of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Based on the optimization of analytical techniques was especially ampicillin chosen as analyte isolated from the matrix of waste water. Analysis of the wastewater was conducted for a total of four days of influent and effluent wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice and wastewater treatment plant which is situated in area of the Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University in Brno.
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