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Ethics and economics. Fair trade as an expression of solidarity?
Otec, Robert ; Brabec, Jan (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
The aim of the thesis "Ethics and Economics. Fair Trade as an act of solidarity?" is to analyse the statistical data related to the Fair Trade system and their critical assessment regarding social ethics and sustainable development. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the core principles of social ethics and their impact on Fair Trade system, as well as the principle of equity in relation to Fair Trade. The aim of the second part is to evaluate the current state of Fair Trade, based on the statistical data acquired, and their critical assessment in light of aforementioned principles, as well as economic, social and environmental aspects. In conclusion a summary of acquired findings is made and the most important problems, which the system is currently tackling with, are mentioned. Based on this, suggestions on its improvement are made.
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Principle of subsidiarity and participation in the conception of young people
JURÁŠ, František
This bachelor thesis addresses the opinion of young people on enforcing of participation and subsidiarity principles in the Czech Republic. The task of this bachelor thesis is to determine, whether young people act according to the subsidiarity principle, how do young people perceive the participation principle and whether they actively participate on social life. The theoretical part focuses firstly on defining social politics. Secondly it defines the principles of participation and subsidiarity, which are an inherent part of a democratic society, and clarifies their social significance. Another chapter is the history of these two principles. Both of them date back all the way to the ancient times. With the change of political thinking, the perception of these principles was also changing. The most important era in the Czech Republic recently is the period before and after the year 1989. In the next part this thesis focuses on the state's policy, which strongly influences the possibilities of enforcing participation and subsidiarity principles. The main task of the state is to create such conditions, so that both principles could be enforced by the state's citizens. This thesis focuses furthermore on the non-profit sphere and the task of nongovernmental non-profit organizations, especially on the most common form of nongovernmental non-profit organizations, registered association. Non-profit organizations are often run on a voluntary basis with people working or helping without remuneration. Next, the activities of the Government Council for Nongovernmental Non-Profit Organisations are explained. There is also mentioned the importance of education for young people, especially concerning education related to their professional life. The practical part of this bachelor thesis describes how people relate to the principle of subsidiarity and participation. As a method to obtain the required data, a written questionnaire was used. Overall, 179 respondents participated on the survey. The main goal of this thesis was to find out how young people perceive the principle of participation and the principle of subsidiarity. The partial goal was to find out the significance of a young person's value orientation and conception of subsidiary help. The survey implies that in terms of subsidiary help young people rely more on the state's measures, than on their own abilities. The relation to participation is almost balanced, half of the respondents has a positive relation to participation, the other half a negative one. Young people have the best relation to participation in education for professional life. Hereafter, 2 hypotheses were determined: the first hypothesis was formulated that according to the subsidiarity principle young people prefer state's assistance over resolving their social problems by themselves. The second hypothesis stated that with higher level of education reached, awareness and activity in terms of social participation among young people are increasing. Both these hypotheses were statistically confirmed. From the data collected I conclude that young people are rather passive in relation to participation and subsidiarity principles. They prefer state's assistance over resolving their social problems by themselves. In terms of participation, young people participate mostly in education, which is probably due to their age and hobbies. This thesis can contribute to better understanding of young people's attitudes towards the principle of participation and the principle of subsidiarity. It can possibly serve as an indicator of attitudes towards individual social measures and individual types of participation. For nongovernmental non-profit organizations this bachelor thesis will serve as a source of information about young people's attitude towards activities of nongovernmental non-profit organizations. For educational institutions it can provide better understanding of young people's values related to education.
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The Lisbon Treaty and national parliaments: Study 1.204
Čakrt, František
Role vnitrostátních parlamentů na unijní úrovni je v posledních letech stále posilována. Již před přijetím Lisabonské smlouvy vnitrostátní parlamenty aktivně monitorovaly a připomínkovaly návrhy unijní legislativy a s přijetím Lisabonské smlouvy se tato úloha ještě posiluje. Práce přináší přehled aktuálních změn, které vnitrostátním parlamentům Lisabonská smlouva přináší, a věnuje se také meziparlamentní spolupráci, která je základním předpokladem realizace některých nově zavedených kontrolních mechanismů.
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The issue of social justice in the contemporary system of public politicy of social security
SUCHÁNKOVÁ, Ilona
This paper analyzes the content of the concept of social justice involvement in the broader context of the application of the principles of state social policy applied in the field of social security of citizens. The first part is devoted to the major theories of justice of the last century and their analysis in terms of the evaluation criteria of two most prominent schools of thought, i.e. liberalism and communitarianism. The paper describes the difference of opinion on the formation of a just society with emphasis on the difficulty of choice associated with preferences of the basic ideas of liberalism and communitarianism. The conclusion contains argumentative attitudes related to a different interpretation of the concept of social justice in the context of the degree of implementation of the principles of solidarity, subsidiarity and market mechanism in the field of social policy. What has become desirable in today's society is a necessity for legislative changes, but chiefly changes in citizens' behaviour and access to their own lives.
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Elderly people as a target group of government policies in the Czech Republic
SOBOTKOVÁ, Hana
The aim of the paper is to analyze changes in the attitude of governments and major political actors towards seniors as a specific social group; their interests, quality of life, and projected dignity. The paper describes political ideologies, retirement systems, and pension plans. It aims to capture the perceptions of the life needs and human dignity of seniors that underscore major decisions, and to explain how these perceptions have changed in the past decade. How sensivitity to basic ethical principles has evolved and how these principles have been permeated by purpose-rational expectations (political influence, economic prosperity). The paper tries to describe the prospects of applying ethical principles in current political practice in relation to seniors and to addressing their needs.
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Perspective of the welfare state in the light of globalization
BAŤKOVÁ, Anna
The work examines the prospects of the welfare state in the light of globalization on the basis of literature. It seeks to outline the development of the welfare state and its future in the form of a global world. This similarity implies specific issues. These issues include the question of solidarity, subsidiarity and justice. The first chapter deals with terms, history and typology of the welfare state. The second chapter deals with the functions of the welfare state and the interconnection of the Czech welfare state with European Union. The third chapter is devoted to justice, solidarity, subsidiarity and participation, the principles of the welfare state. The fourth chapter discusses the typology of welfare state according to Spieker. The fifth chapter outlines the perspective of the welfare state in terms of modernization, prosperity and future. The sixth chapter is devoted to global welfare state. By combining all the chapters, we created a comprehensive view of the prospects of the welfare state in the light of globalization.
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The Ethical Suitability and Rightness of the Project of Remole Adoption.
DUBA, Vladimír
T h e project deals with adopting children from a distance in India and the assessment of the righteousness of the process from an ethical perspective. The first part introduces current India from a political, cultural, and religious perspective. The second part focuses on the introduction of the adoption from a distance process and evaluates the suitability and purposefulness of the individual parts of the project. The third part deals with the terms of righteousness and suitability of such adoption from a catholic perspective, where we also find the justification of the ethical part of the process. Such justification is later described in the description of Caritas in the threefold service to the church. following, you will find the incorporation of the human being into the social teachings of the church and the situational ethics. The project later focuses on the terms of solidarity, subsidiarity, and the universal relationship between men and charity. The last part is a practical excursion into the life of a community center in the Indian town of Moobidri, where the author visited himself.
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Justifiable offenence
SEDLÁŘ, Tomáš
Práce vytváří ucelený pohled na problematiku a současné pojetí nutné obrany v České republice, jakožto jedné z okolností vylučující protiprávnost, která je vymezena v § 13 zákona č. 140/1961 sb., trestního zákona. Smyslem práce je vytvoření praktické pomůcky občanům naší země, aby věděli jakým způsobem jednat a jak se chovat v situacích, kdy bude bezprostředně ohrožen jejich život, zdraví nebo majetek popř. i další práva a svobody deklarovaná státem, v souvislosti s bezprostředním protiprávním a úmyslným jednáním jiné osoby či osob. V práci budou postupně uvedeny jednotlivé podmínky, které musí splňovat útok (bezprostředně hrozící nebo trvající) i obranné jednání, aby toto následně mohlo být příslušnými orgány posuzováno v mezích nutné obrany. Budou popsána určitá úskalí, která s sebou obranné jednání může přinést a bude zde uvedeno několik zajímavých soudních rozhodnutí, aby bylo patrné, jakým způsobem k této problematice přistupují soudci soudů jednotlivých stupňů. Rovněž zde budou zmíněny některé psychické faktory, které mohou ovlivnit jednání obránce v souvislosti se vzniklou zátěžovou situací, zejména spojená s intenzitou použité síly, popřípadě volbou obranného prostředku použitého k odvrácení útoku. Práce bude rovněž obsahovat pohled na nutnou obranu v souvislosti s instalací automatických zabezpečovacích a zejména obranných zařízení, jejichž používání a instalace není v současné době zákonem nijak upravována. V neposlední řadě bude práce obsahovat pohled do zahraničních úprav nutné obrany. V praktické části budou metodou dotazníku zjišťovány vědomosti a názory občanů na jednání v nutné obraně.
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