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A Woman in the times of late ancient period and early christianity. Virgin, wife, widow.
Bendová, Linda ; Zdichynec, Jan (advisor) ; Sládková, Kateřina (referee)
The aim of this bachelorete thesis is to show how women were percepted in the age of early christianity on the basis of selected Latin early church fathers's tracts. It is characteristic, that we can't include a perception of women themselves, as we don't have many preserved sources. In the thesis, there is shortly characterised a state of Roman and Jewish woman, too, as the state of early christian woman is mostly based on it. I worked with the tracts of church fathers which were translated to Czech or English laguage and I partly included Latin originals (Jerome, Tertullian, Cyprian, Augustine, Amborse), whose analysis are sorted chronologically. The thesis is divided in three main chapters called "Virgin", "Wife" and "Widow", where I focus on the perception of church fathers on every mentioned phase of life of woman. They mostly rely on perceptions of apostle Paul in the New testament espistel, but they surely work with other parts of the Old and New testament. I came to a conclusion, that opinions of these men authors are often divided, but all of them agree, that the ideal state for a woman is being a virgin, or live at sexual abstinence. KEY WORDS Woman; early christianity; church fathers; virgin; wife; widow; Ambrose; Augustine; Cyprian; Jerome; Tertullian; New testament; apostle Paul
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Legend of the Wandering Jew and its Theological Background
Šebestová, Markéta ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Žonca, Milan (referee)
This thesis is concerned with the legend of so-called Wandering Jew. The story originated in the Middle Ages and forms an apocryphe to the New Testament, as it relates about a man, who having acted harshly toward Jesus Christ, was condemned to endless life, or wandering. Main question which this thesis deals with is whether and how the story was influenced by Christian theological conceptions of Jewry. The examples of such influence are sought for in a certain German version of the legend, situated to a protestant milieu. This version was published as a so-called "Volksbuch" probably in 1602. I set this version into a context of various older variants from the Middle Ages and while analyzing it, I consider also other possible influences than theological. As possible sources of influence I take into account catholic conceptions as well as protestant. Because the protestant conception is interrelated with social development of the period, I have added illustrative historical excourse about Jewish history in Hamburg to the thesis, for this city is connected also with the Volksbuch. In the concluding part of the thesis I propose many interesting hypotheses about the theological influence, yet none of these I succeed to prove.
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